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Revenues (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

The following table disaggregates our revenues by the timing in which the revenue is recognized:



	Year Ended December 31, 2019				Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Account Services		Processing and Settlement Services		Account Services		Processing and Settlement Services
Timing of revenue recognition	(In thousands)
Transferred at a point in time	$	489,696	$	287,052	$	500,629	$	247,942
Transferred over time	293,500		6,406		289,714		3,473
Operating revenues ⁽¹⁾	$	783,196	$	293,458	$	790,343	$	251,415



(1)	Excludes net interest income, a component of total operating revenues, as it remains outside the scope of ASC 606, Revenues

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Unrestricted cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,063,426	$ 1,094,728
Restricted cash	2,728	490
Investment securities available-for-sale, at fair value	10,020	19,960
Settlement assets	239,222	153,992
Accounts receivable, net	59,543	40,942
Prepaid expenses and other assets	66,183	57,070
Income tax receivable	870	8,772
Total current assets	1,441,992	1,375,954
Investment securities available-for-sale, at fair value	267,419	181,223
Loans to bank customers, net of allowance	21,417	21,363
Prepaid expenses and other assets	10,991	8,125
Property and equipment, net	145,476	120,269
Operating lease right-of-use assets	26,373
Deferred expenses	16,891	21,201
Net deferred tax assets	9,037	7,867
Goodwill and intangible assets	520,994	551,116
Total assets	2,460,590	2,287,118
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	37,876	38,631
Deposits	1,175,341	1,005,485
Obligations to customers	69,377	58,370
Settlement obligations	13,251	5,788
Amounts due to card issuing banks for overdrawn accounts	380	1,681
Other accrued liabilities	107,842	134,000
Operating lease liabilities	8,764
Deferred revenue	28,355	34,607
Debt	35,000	58,705
Income tax payable	3,948	67
Total current liabilities	1,480,134	1,337,334
Other accrued liabilities	10,883	30,927
Operating lease liabilities	24,445
Net deferred tax liabilities	17,772	9,045
Total liabilities	1,533,234	1,377,306
Commitments and contingencies (Note 20)
Stockholders’ equity:
Class A common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2019 and 2018; 51,807 and 52,917 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively	52	53
Additional paid-in capital	296,224	380,753
Retained earnings	629,040	529,143
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	2,040	(137)
Total stockholders’ equity	927,356	909,812
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 2,460,590	$ 2,287,118

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 99,897	$ 118,703	$ 85,887
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Unrealized holding gain (loss), net of tax	2,177	593	(549)
Comprehensive income	$ 102,074	$ 119,296	$ 85,338

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References + Details

Significant Customer Concentration (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Significant Customer Concentrations [Abstract]

Schedule of Customer Concentrations

Revenues derived from our products sold at retail distributors constituting greater than 10% of our total operating revenues were as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019	2018	2017
Walmart	34%	36%	40%

No other retail distributor or partner made up greater than 10% of our total operating revenues for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017.

Settlement Asset Concentrations

Settlement assets derived from our products sold at retail distributors constituting greater than 10% of the settlement assets outstanding on our consolidated balance sheets were as follows:



	December 31, 2019	December 31, 2018
Walmart	13%	18%

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Goodwill Rollforward (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Impairment of goodwill	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	301,790,000
Intangible assets, net	219,204,000	249,326,000
Balance, end of period	$ 301,790,000	$ 301,790,000

Organization	12 Months Ended
Organization	Dec. 31, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization	Organization Green Dot Corporation (“we,” “our,” or “us” refer to Green Dot Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries) is a financial technology leader and bank holding company with a mission to reinvent banking for the masses. Our company’s long-term strategy is to create a unique, sustainable and highly valuable fintech ecosystem, in part through the continued evolution of our innovative Banking as a Service (“BaaS”) platform, that’s intended to fuel the engine of innovation and growth for us and our business partners. Enabled by proprietary technology, our commercial bank charter and our high-scale program management operating capability, our vertically integrated technology and banking platform is used by a growing list of America’s most prominent consumer and technology companies to design and deploy their own bespoke financial services solutions to their customers and partners, while we use that same integrated platform for our own leading collection of banking and financial services products marketed directly to consumers through what we believe to be the most broadly distributed, omni-channel branchless banking platforms in the United States. We were incorporated in Delaware in 1999 and became a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act and a member bank of the Federal Reserve System in December 2011. We are headquartered in Pasadena, California, with additional facilities throughout the United States and in Shanghai, China.

Loans to Bank Customers - Credit Quality Indicators (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Non-Classified
Outstanding Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	$ 19,921	$ 20,715
Classified
Outstanding Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	2,662	1,792
Residential \| Non-Classified
Outstanding Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	4,241	2,935
Residential \| Classified
Outstanding Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	290	403
Commercial \| Non-Classified
Outstanding Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	158	193
Commercial \| Classified
Outstanding Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	0	0
Installment \| Non-Classified
Outstanding Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	1,058	632
Installment \| Classified
Outstanding Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	189	275
Secured credit card \| Non-Classified
Outstanding Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	14,464	16,955
Secured credit card \| Classified
Outstanding Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	$ 2,183	$ 1,114

Debt - Outstanding (Details) - Senior Credit Facility - Bank of America, Wells Fargo Bank, and Other Lenders - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Total Debt	$ 35,000	$ 58,705
Term facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Total Debt	0	58,705
Revolving facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Total Debt	$ 35,000	$ 0

- Definition

The carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the current and noncurrent portions of long-term obligations drawn from a line of credit, which is a bank's commitment to make loans up to a specific amount. Examples of items that might be included in the application of this element may consist of letters of credit, standby letters of credit, and revolving credit arrangements, under which borrowings can be made up to a maximum amount as of any point in time conditional on satisfaction of specified terms before, as of and after the date of drawdowns on the line. Includes short-term obligations that would normally be classified as current liabilities but for which (a) postbalance sheet date issuance of a long term obligation to refinance the short term obligation on a long term basis, or (b) the enterprise has entered into a financing agreement that clearly permits the enterprise to refinance the short-term obligation on a long term basis and the following conditions are met (1) the agreement does not expire within 1 year and is not cancelable by the lender except for violation of an objectively determinable provision, (2) no violation exists at the BS date, and (3) the lender has entered into the financing agreement is expected to be financially capable of honoring the agreement.

+ References + Details

Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value of Assets Not Carried at Fair Value

The carrying values and fair values of certain financial instruments that were not carried at fair value, excluding short-term financial instruments for which the carrying value approximates fair value, at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are presented in the table below.



	December 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Financial Assets
Loans to bank customers, net of allowance	$	21,417	$	19,563	$	21,363	$	21,088

Financial Liabilities
Deposits	$	1,175,341	$	1,175,298	$	1,005,485	$	1,005,435
Debt	$	35,000	$	35,000	$	58,705	$	58,705

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and intangible assets on our consolidated balance sheets consisted of the following:



	December 31,
	2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Goodwill	$	301,790	$	301,790
Intangible assets, net	219,204		249,326
Goodwill and intangible assets	$	520,994	$	551,116

Goodwill

There were no changes in the composition of goodwill from the previous year. We completed our annual goodwill impairment test as of September 30, 2019. Based on the results of step one of the annual goodwill impairment test, we determined that step two was not required for each of our reporting units as their fair values exceeded their carrying values indicating there was no impairment.

Intangible Assets

The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization related to intangibles assets were as follows:



	December 31, 2019							December 31, 2018
	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Book Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Book Value		Weighted Average Useful Lives
	(In thousands)							(In thousands)							(Years)
Customer relationships	$	309,773	$	(126,167	)	$	183,606	$	309,773	$	(98,305	)	$	211,468	12.8
Trade names	44,086		(15,689		)	28,397		44,086		(12,517		)	31,569		14.6
Patents	3,000		(1,364		)	1,636		3,000		(1,091		)	1,909		11.0
Software licenses	4,832		(837		)	3,995		—		—			—		3.0
Other	5,964		(4,394		)	1,570		7,464		(3,084		)	4,380		5.0
Total intangible assets	$	367,655	$	(148,451	)	$	219,204	$	364,323	$	(114,997	)	$	249,326

Amortization expense on finite-lived intangibles, a component of other general and administrative expenses, was $32.6 million, $32.8 million, and $31.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. None of our intangible assets were considered impaired as of December 31, 2019 or 2018.

The following table shows our estimated amortization expense for intangible assets for each of the next five succeeding years and thereafter:



	December 31,
	(In thousands)
2020	$	28,954
2021	28,608
2022	27,288
2023	26,418
2024	24,235
Thereafter	83,701
Total	$	219,204

Loans to Bank Customers - Loan Summary (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Outstanding	$ 22,583	$ 22,507
Percentage of outstanding	100.00%	100.00%
30-59 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	$ 1,082	$ 1,385
Percentage of outstanding	4.80%	6.20%
60-89 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	$ 939	$ 1,317
Percentage of outstanding	4.20%	5.90%
90 Days or More Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	$ 2,183	$ 1,121
Percentage of outstanding	9.70%	5.00%
Total Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	$ 4,204	$ 3,823
Percentage of outstanding	18.60%	17.00%
Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due	$ 18,379	$ 18,684
Percentage of outstanding	81.40%	83.00%
Residential
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	$ 1	$ 9
Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due	4,530	3,329
Total Outstanding	4,531	3,338
Residential \| 30-59 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	1	2
Residential \| 60-89 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	0	0
Residential \| 90 Days or More Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	0	7
Commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	0	0
Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due	158	193
Total Outstanding	158	193
Commercial \| 30-59 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	0	0
Commercial \| 60-89 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	0	0
Commercial \| 90 Days or More Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	0	0
Installment
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	1	2
Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due	1,246	905
Total Outstanding	1,247	907
Installment \| 30-59 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	1	0
Installment \| 60-89 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	0	2
Installment \| 90 Days or More Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	0	0
Secured credit card
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	4,202	3,812
Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due	12,445	14,257
Total Outstanding	16,647	18,069
Secured credit card \| 30-59 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	1,080	1,383
Secured credit card \| 60-89 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	939	1,315
Secured credit card \| 90 Days or More Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Past due 30 days or more	$ 2,183	$ 1,114

Employee Stock-Based Compensation - Equity Granted (Details) - $ / shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Performance Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Performance based restricted stock units granted	722
Weighted-average grant-date fair value	$ 48.45
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted stock units granted			656
Performance based restricted stock units granted	238
Weighted-average grant-date fair value	$ 38.93		$ 48.72
2010 Equity Incentive Plan \| Performance Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted stock units granted	722	276
Performance based restricted stock units granted			616
Weighted-average grant-date fair value	$ 48.45	$ 71.70	$ 36.13
2010 Equity Incentive Plan \| Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted stock units granted	238	452
Weighted-average grant-date fair value	$ 38.93	$ 74.33

Income Taxes - Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S. federal statutory tax rate	21.00%	21.00%	35.00%
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	0.10%	(0.50%)	(2.30%)
General business credits	(2.10%)	(2.20%)	(2.80%)
Employee stock-based compensation	(2.20%)	(17.10%)	(12.40%)
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act remeasurement	0.00%	0.20%	(5.00%)
IRC 162(m) limitation	0.10%	2.20%	1.50%
Other	0.60%	0.50%	3.00%
Effective tax rate	17.50%	4.10%	17.00%

Stockholders' Equity - Treasury Stock (Details) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares
May 2019 ASR
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Treasury stock acquired (in shares) \| shares	2,072
Average repurchase price per share (in USD per share) \| $ / shares	$ 48.26
Treasury stock	$ 100,000
March 2017 ASR
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Treasury stock acquired (in shares) \| shares	1,326
Average repurchase price per share (in USD per share) \| $ / shares	$ 38.64
Treasury stock	$ 50,000
Cash settlement	$ 2,000

Regulatory Requirements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Regulatory Requirements [Abstract]

Schedule of Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements

Our capital ratios and related regulatory requirements were as follows:



	December 31, 2019
	Amount		Ratio		Regulatory Minimum		"Well-capitalized" Minimum
	(In thousands, except ratios)
Green Dot Corporation:
Tier 1 leverage	$	400,445	22.2	%	4.0	%	n/a
Common equity Tier 1 capital	$	400,445	70.5	%	4.5	%	n/a
Tier 1 capital	$	400,445	70.5	%	6.0	%	6.0	%
Total risk-based capital	$	404,469	71.2	%	8.0	%	10.0	%

Green Dot Bank:
Tier 1 leverage	$	204,141	13.9	%	4.0	%	5.0	%
Common equity Tier 1 capital	$	204,141	82.8	%	4.5	%	6.5	%
Tier 1 capital	$	204,141	82.8	%	6.0	%	8.0	%
Total risk-based capital	$	205,548	83.4	%	8.0	%	10.0	%

	December 31, 2018
	Amount		Ratio		Regulatory Minimum		"Well-capitalized" Minimum
	(In thousands, except ratios)
Green Dot Corporation:
Tier 1 leverage	$	353,047	20.1	%	4.0	%	n/a
Common equity Tier 1 capital	$	353,047	88.8	%	4.5	%	n/a
Tier 1 capital	$	353,047	88.8	%	6.0	%	6.0	%
Total risk-based capital	$	357,092	89.8	%	8.0	%	10.0	%

Green Dot Bank:
Tier 1 leverage	$	172,518	11.7	%	4.0	%	5.0	%
Common equity Tier 1 capital	$	172,518	100.8	%	4.5	%	6.5	%
Tier 1 capital	$	172,518	100.8	%	6.0	%	8.0	%
Total risk-based capital	$	173,838	101.5	%	8.0	%	10.0	%

Loans to Bank Customers - Allowance for Loan Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Allowance for Loan Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for loan losses, beginning of period	$ 1,144	$ 291	$ 277
Provision for loans	2,405	3,094	430
Loans charged off	(2,674)	(2,657)	(472)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	291	416	56
Allowance for loan losses, end of period	$ 1,166	$ 1,144	$ 291

Concentrations of Credit Risk	12 Months Ended
Concentrations of Credit Risk	Dec. 31, 2019
Concentrations of Credit Risk [Abstract]
Concentrations of Credit Risk	Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that subject us to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, investment securities, accounts receivable, loans and settlement assets. We deposit our unrestricted cash and cash equivalents and our restricted cash with regional and national banking institutions that we periodically monitor and evaluate for creditworthiness. Credit risk for our investment securities is mitigated by the types of investment securities in our portfolio, which must comply with strict investment guidelines that we believe appropriately ensures the preservation of invested capital. Credit risk for our accounts receivable is concentrated with card issuing banks and our customers, and this risk is mitigated by the relatively short collection period and our large customer base. We do not require or maintain collateral for accounts receivable. We maintain reserves for uncollectible overdrawn accounts and uncollectible trade receivables. With respect to our loan portfolio (excluding secured credit cards), approximately 92.3% of our borrowers reside in the state of Utah and approximately 42.3% in the city of Provo. Consequently, this loan portfolio is susceptible to any adverse market or environmental conditions that may impact this specific geographic region. Credit risk associated with our secured credit card portfolio is mitigated by collateral provided by the borrower in the amount of their credit limit. Credit risk for our settlement assets is concentrated with our retail distributors and other business partners, which we frequently monitor.

Employee Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 includes expense related to awards of stock options, performance and service based restricted stock units and purchases under the 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Total stock-based compensation expense and the related income tax benefit were as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	29,583	$	50,093	$	40,734
Related income tax benefit	5,143		3,783		9,440

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of Stock Option Activity

Stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2019 was as follows:



	Options		Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
	(In thousands, except per share data and years)
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	251		$	20.63
Options exercised	(70	)	22.01
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	181		$	20.09	2.38	$	814
Exercisable at December 31, 2019	181		20.09		2.38	$	814

Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Summary of Stock Options and Restricted Stock Units Granted

The following table summarizes restricted stock units with only service conditions granted under our 2010 Equity Incentive Plan:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Restricted stock units granted	238		452		656
Weighted-average grant-date fair value	$	38.93	$	74.33	$	48.72

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units Activity

Restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2019 was as follows:



	Shares		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	1,554		$	44.38
Restricted stock units granted	238		38.93
Restricted stock units vested	(654	)	34.60
Restricted stock units canceled	(250	)	53.85
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	888		$	47.20

Performance Shares

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Summary of Stock Options and Restricted Stock Units Granted

The following table summarizes the performance-based restricted stock units granted under our 2010 Equity Incentive Plan:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Performance based restricted stock units granted	722		276		616
Weighted-average grant-date fair value	$	48.45	$	71.70	$	36.13

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units Activity

Performance based restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2019 was as follows:



	Shares		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	837		$	45.41
Performance restricted stock units granted (at target)	722		$	48.45
Performance restricted stock units vested	(463	)	$	45.44
Performance restricted stock units canceled	(398	)	$	54.10
Actual adjustment for certified performance periods	156		$	57.38
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	854		$	54.63

Loans to Bank Customers - Nonperforming Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Nonperforming Loans [Line Items]
Nonperforming loans	$ 2,620	$ 1,686
Residential
Nonperforming Loans [Line Items]
Nonperforming loans	290	403
Installment
Nonperforming Loans [Line Items]
Nonperforming loans	147	169
Secured credit card
Nonperforming Loans [Line Items]
Nonperforming loans	$ 2,183	$ 1,114

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following describes the valuation technique for determining the fair value of financial instruments, whether or not such instruments are carried at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets.

Short-term Financial Instruments

Our short-term financial instruments consist principally of unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents, settlement assets and obligations, and obligations to customers. These financial instruments are short-term in nature, and, accordingly, we believe their carrying amounts approximate their fair values. Under the fair value hierarchy, these instruments are classified as Level 1.

Investment Securities

The fair values of investment securities have been derived using methodologies referenced in Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. Under the fair value hierarchy, our investment securities are classified as Level 2.

Loans

We determined the fair values of loans by discounting both principal and interest cash flows expected to be collected using a discount rate commensurate with the risk that we believe a market participant would consider in determining fair value. Under the fair value hierarchy, our loans are classified as Level 3.

Deposits

The fair value of demand and interest checking deposits and savings deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. We determined the fair value of time deposits by discounting expected future cash flows using market-derived rates based on our market yields on certificates of deposit, by maturity, at the measurement date. Under the fair value hierarchy, our deposits are classified as Level 2.

Contingent Consideration

The fair value of contingent consideration obligations are estimated through valuation models designed to estimate the probability of such contingent payments based on various assumptions. Estimated payments are discounted using present value techniques to arrive at an estimated fair value. Our contingent consideration payable is classified as Level 3 because we use unobservable inputs to estimate fair value, including the probability of achieving certain earnings thresholds and appropriate discount rates. Our contingent consideration payable is included as a component of other accrued liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets and changes in fair value are recorded through operating expenses.

Debt

The fair value of our debt is based on borrowing rates currently required of loans with similar terms, maturity and credit risk. The carrying amount of our debt approximates fair value because the base interest rate charged varies with market conditions and the credit spread is commensurate with current market spreads for issuers of similar risk. The fair value of our debt is classified as a Level 2 liability in the fair value hierarchy.

Note 16—Fair Value of Financial Instruments (continued)

Fair Value of Financial Instruments



	December 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Financial Assets
Loans to bank customers, net of allowance	$	21,417	$	19,563	$	21,363	$	21,088

Financial Liabilities
Deposits	$	1,175,341	$	1,175,298	$	1,005,485	$	1,005,435
Debt	$	35,000	$	35,000	$	58,705	$	58,705

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Assets And Liabilities Lessee

Supplemental information related to our ROU assets and related lease liabilities is as follows:



	December 31, 2019

Cash paid for operating lease liabilities (in thousands)	$	8,850
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	4.1
Weighted average discount rate	4.7		%

Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities

Maturities of our operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2019 is as follows:



	Operating Leases
	(In thousands)
2020	$	9,846
2021	9,737
2022	8,734
2023	3,464
2024	3,464
Thereafter	1,732
	36,977
Less: imputed interest	(3,768		)
Total lease liabilities	$	33,209

Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases [Table Text Block]

At December 31, 2019, the future minimum annual payments through various agreements with vendors and retail distributors was as follows:



	Vendor/Retail Distributor Commitments
Year ending December 31,	(In thousands)
2020	$	17,008
2021	11,308
2022	3,425
2023	825
Total of future commitments	$	32,566

Segment Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Reportable Segments

The following tables present certain financial information for each of our reportable segments for the periods then ended:



	Year Ended December 31, 2019
	Account Services		Processing and Settlement Services		Corporate and Other			Total
	(In thousands)
Operating revenues	$	842,967	$	296,721	$	(31,093	)	$	1,108,595
Operating expenses	696,409		202,713		86,555			985,677
Operating income	$	146,558	$	94,008	$	(117,648	)	$	122,918



	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Account Services		Processing and Settlement Services		Corporate and Other			Total
	(In thousands)
Operating revenues	$	843,905	$	253,360	$	(31,690	)	$	1,065,575
Operating expenses	643,714		179,037		112,409			935,160
Operating income	$	200,191	$	74,323	$	(144,099	)	$	130,415



	Year Ended December 31, 2017
	Account Services		Processing and Settlement Services		Corporate and Other			Total
	(In thousands)
Operating revenues	$	703,386	$	229,133	$	(31,396	)	$	901,123
Operating expenses	549,858		165,961		76,008			791,827
Operating income	$	153,528	$	63,172	$	(107,404	)	$	109,296

Earnings per Common Share - Antidilutive Shares (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Antidilutive Shares [Line Items]
Antidilutive shares (in shares)	813	163	275
Stock options
Antidilutive Shares [Line Items]
Antidilutive shares (in shares)	0	0	56
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Antidilutive Shares [Line Items]
Antidilutive shares (in shares)	354	20	20
Performance Shares
Antidilutive Shares [Line Items]
Antidilutive shares (in shares)	459	143	199

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Jan. 01, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, write-offs, average recovery period	6 months
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, write-offs activity period	90 days
Restricted cash	$ 2,728,000	$ 490,000	$ 90,852,000
Nonaccrual status threshold	90 days
Collateral deposits applied threshold	90 days
Balance in excess of collateral balance charged off threshold	180 days
Impairment of intangible assets	$ 0	0	0
Asset impairment charges	$ 600,000	900,000	1,300,000
Purchase price allocation measurement period	1 year
Impairment of goodwill	$ 0	0	0
GPR, average useful life	1 year
Gift card, average useful life	1 year
Months to settle overdrawn accounts	2 months
Advertising and marketing expenses	$ 51,100,000	23,200,000	25,100,000
Shipping and handling costs	1,500,000	$ 2,000,000.0	$ 3,000,000.0
Item Effected [Line Items]
Right-of-use asset	26,373,000
Lease liability	$ 33,209,000
ASU 2016-02
Item Effected [Line Items]
Right-of-use asset				$ 17,900,000
Lease liability				$ 25,100,000

Earnings per Common Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Common Share

The calculation of basic and diluted EPS was as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Basic earnings per Class A common share
Numerator:
Net income	$	99,897	$	118,703	$	85,887
Denominator:
Weighted-average Class A shares issued and outstanding	52,195		52,222		50,482
Basic earnings per Class A common share	$	1.91	$	2.27	$	1.70

Diluted earnings per Class A common share
Numerator:
Net income	$	99,897	$	118,703	$	85,887
Denominator:
Weighted-average Class A shares issued and outstanding	52,195		52,222		50,482
Dilutive potential common shares:
Stock options	114		327		809
Service based restricted stock units	361		1,135		1,445
Performance-based restricted stock units	440		796		462
Employee stock purchase plan	28		1		—
Diluted weighted-average Class A shares issued and outstanding	53,138		54,481		53,198
Diluted earnings per Class A common share	$	1.88	$	2.18	$	1.61

Schedule of Antidilutive Shares

Additionally, we have excluded any performance based restricted stock units for which the performance contingency has not been met as of the end of the period, or whereby the result of including such awards was anti-dilutive. The following table shows the weighted-average number of anti-dilutive shares excluded from the diluted EPS calculation:

Note 14—Earnings per Common Share (continued)



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019	2018	2017
	(In thousands)
Class A common stock
Options to purchase Class A common stock	—	—	56
Service based restricted stock units	354	20	20
Performance-based restricted stock units	459	143	199
Total options, restricted and performance-based stock units	813	163	275

Investment Securities - Maturities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
Due in one year or less, amortized cost basis	$ 10,000
Due after one year through five, amortized cost basis	10,000
Due after five years through ten years, amortized cost basis	9,980
Due after ten years, amortized cost basis	4,342
Asset-backed securities, amortized cost basis	240,635
Amortized cost	274,957	$ 201,660
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Fair Value, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
Due in one year or less, fair value	10,020
Due after one year through five, fair value	10,012
Due after one year through five, fair value	9,980
Due after ten years, fair value	4,342
Mortgage and asset-backed securities	243,085
Fair value	$ 277,439	$ 201,183

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Goodwill and Intangible Assets Summary (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill	$ 301,790	$ 301,790
Intangible assets, net	219,204	249,326
Goodwill and intangible assets	$ 520,994	$ 551,116

Leases - Maturities of Operating Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Operating Leases
2020	$ 9,846
2021	9,737
2022	8,734
2023	3,464
2024	3,464
Thereafter	1,732
Payments due	36,977
Less: imputed interest	(3,768)
Total lease liabilities	$ 33,209

Stockholders' Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

Our Certificate of Incorporation specifies the following rights, preferences, and privileges for our common stockholders.

Voting

Holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share.

We have not provided for cumulative voting for the election of directors in our restated Certificate of Incorporation. In addition, our Certificate of Incorporation provides that a holder, or group of affiliated holders, of more than 24.9% of our common stock may not vote shares representing more than 14.9% of the voting power represented by the outstanding shares of our Class A common stock.

Dividends

Subject to preferences that may apply to any shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of outstanding shares of our Class A common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of funds legally available at the times and in the amounts that our board of directors may determine. In the event a dividend is paid in the form of shares of common stock or rights to acquire shares of common stock, the holders of Class A common stock will receive Class A common stock, or rights to acquire Class A common stock, as the case may be.

Note 11—Stockholders’ Equity (continued)

Liquidation

Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders would be distributable ratably among the holders of our Class A common stock and any participating preferred stock outstanding at that time after payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any outstanding shares of our preferred stock and payment of other claims of creditors.

Preemptive or Similar Rights

Our Class A common stock is not entitled to preemptive rights or subject to redemption.

Comprehensive Income

The tax impact on unrealized losses on investment securities available-for-sale for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was approximately $0.8 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

Stock Repurchase Program

In June 2015, our Board of Directors authorized, subject to regulatory approval, a repurchase of shares of our Class A Common Stock in an amount up to $150 million under a stock repurchase program ("Repurchase Program") with no expiration date. We completed our repurchase of all Class A Common Stock under the initial authorization in 2017. In May 2017, our Board of Directors authorized, subject to regulatory approval, expansion of our stock Repurchase Program by an additional $150 million. We sought and received regulatory approval during the second quarter of 2019, at which point we entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement, as further discussed below. As of December 31, 2019, we have an authorized $50 million remaining under our current stock repurchase program for any additional repurchases.

Accelerated Share Repurchases

We have entered into accelerated share repurchase arrangements (“ASRs”) with a financial institution from time to time under the Repurchase Program. The following table summarizes our ASR activity for the years presented in these consolidated financial statements:



	Purchase Period End Date	Number of Shares (In thousands)	Average repurchase price per share		ASR Amount (In thousands)
May 2019 ASR	August 2019	2,072	$	48.26	$	100,000
March 2017 ASR	November 2017	1,326	$	38.64	$	50,000	(1)



(1)	We elected to cash settle approximately $2.0 million worth of shares owed back to the counterparty under our March 2017 accelerated share repurchase agreement.

In exchange for an up-front payment, the financial institution delivers shares of our Class A Common Stock during the purchase periods of each ASR. Upon settlement, we either receive additional shares from the financial institution or we may be required to deliver additional shares or cash to the financial institution, at our election. The final number of shares received upon settlement for the ASR is determined based on the volume-weighted average price of our common stock over the term of the agreement less an agreed upon discount and subject to adjustments pursuant to the terms and conditions of the ASR.

The up-front payments are accounted for as a reduction to shareholders’ equity on our consolidated balance sheets in the periods the payments are made. The ASRs are accounted for in two separate transactions: 1) a treasury stock repurchase for the initial shares received and 2) a forward stock purchase contract indexed to our own stock for the unsettled portion of the ASR. The par value of the shares received are recorded as a reduction to common stock with the remainder recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital and retained earnings. The ASRs meet all of the applicable criteria for equity classification, and therefore are not accounted for as derivative instruments. The initial repurchase of shares resulted in an immediate reduction of the outstanding shares used to calculate the weighted-average common shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share. The shares are retired upon repurchase, but remain authorized for registration and issuance in the future.

Employee Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2010	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Exercises in period, total intrinsic value		$ 2,400,000	$ 36,200,000	$ 24,100,000
Total compensation cost not yet recognized, stock options		$ 0
Period for recognition, restricted stock		2 years 3 months 3 days
Unvested stock options (in shares)		0
2010 Equity Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	4 years
Number of shares available for grant		2,100,000
2010 Equity Incentive Plan \| Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award expiration period	5 years
2010 Equity Incentive Plan \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award expiration period	10 years
Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vested in period, total fair value		$ 30,900,000	67,500,000	41,500,000
Total compensation cost not yet recognized, stock options		40,900,000
Performance Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vested in period, total fair value		$ 22,700,000	$ 45,100,000	$ 4,400,000
Performance Shares \| 2010 Equity Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period		4 years
Performance Shares \| 2010 Equity Incentive Plan \| Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Target share percentage		0.00%
Performance Shares \| 2010 Equity Incentive Plan \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Target share percentage		150.00%
Performance Shares \| 2010 Equity Incentive Plan-Executive Employees
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based payment arrangement period		3 years
Chief Executive Officer \| Performance Shares \| 2010 Equity Incentive Plan \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Target share percentage, CEO awards eligible		200.00%	150.00%

Regulatory Requirements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Regulatory Requirements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Percentage of cash and cash equivalents on hand to insured deposits	100.00%
Green Dot Corporation
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Tier One Leverage Capital	$ 400,445	$ 353,047
Tier One Leverage Capital to Average Assets	22.20%	20.10%
Tier One Leverage Capital Required to be Well Capitalized	4.00%	4.00%
Tier One Common Equity	$ 400,445	$ 353,047
Tier One Common Equity to Average Assets	70.50%	88.80%
Tier One Common Equity Required For Capital Adequacy to Average Assets	4.50%	4.50%
Tier One Risk Based Capital	$ 400,445	$ 353,047
Tier One Risk Based Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	70.50%	88.80%
Tier One Risk Based Capital Required to be Well Capitalized	6.00%	6.00%
Tier One Risk Based Capital Required to be Well Capitalized to Risk Weighted Assets	6.00%	6.00%
Capital	$ 404,469	$ 357,092
Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	71.20%	89.80%
Capital Required to be Well Capitalized	8.00%	8.00%
Capital Required to be Well Capitalized to Risk Weighted Assets	10.00%	10.00%
Green Dot Bank
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Tier One Leverage Capital	$ 204,141	$ 172,518
Tier One Leverage Capital to Average Assets	13.90%	11.70%
Tier One Leverage Capital Required to be Well Capitalized	4.00%	4.00%
Tier One Leverage Capital Required to be Well Capitalized to Average Assets	5.00%	5.00%
Tier One Common Equity	$ 204,141	$ 172,518
Tier One Common Equity to Average Assets	82.80%	100.80%
Tier One Common Equity Required For Capital Adequacy to Average Assets	4.50%	4.50%
Tier One Common Equity Capital Required to be Well Capitalized to Average Assets	6.50%	6.50%
Tier One Risk Based Capital	$ 204,141	$ 172,518
Tier One Risk Based Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	82.80%	100.80%
Tier One Risk Based Capital Required to be Well Capitalized	6.00%	6.00%
Tier One Risk Based Capital Required to be Well Capitalized to Risk Weighted Assets	8.00%	8.00%
Capital	$ 205,548	$ 173,838
Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	83.40%	101.50%
Capital Required to be Well Capitalized	8.00%	8.00%
Capital Required to be Well Capitalized to Risk Weighted Assets	10.00%	10.00%

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Assets Carried at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, our assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:



	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Fair Value
December 31, 2019	(In thousands)
Assets
Corporate bonds	$	—	$	10,012	$	—	$	10,012
Agency bond securities	—		20,000		—		20,000
Agency mortgage-backed securities	—		211,033		—		211,033
Municipal bonds	—		4,342		—		4,342
Asset-backed securities	—		32,052		—		32,052
Total assets	$	—	$	277,439	$	—	$	277,439

Liabilities
Contingent consideration	$	—	$	—	$	9,300	$	9,300

December 31, 2018
Assets
Negotiable certificate of deposit	$	—	$	15,000	$	—	$	15,000
Agency bond securities	—		19,693		—		19,693
Agency mortgage-backed securities	—		86,813		—		86,813
Municipal bonds	—		483		—		483
Asset-backed securities	—		79,194		—		79,194
Total assets	$	—	$	201,183	$	—	$	201,183

Liabilities
Contingent consideration	$	—	$	—	$	15,800	$	15,800

Schedule of Fair Value, Net Derivative Asset (Liability) Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation

The following table presents changes in our contingent consideration payable for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, which is categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
	(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	15,800		$	17,358		$	8,634
Issuance	—			—			21,500
Payments of contingent consideration	(4,634		)	(4,856		)	(3,104		)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	(1,866		)	3,298			(9,672		)
Balance, end of period	$	9,300		$	15,800		$	17,358

Employee Stock-Based Compensation - Option Activity (Details) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Options outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	251
Options, exercised in period (in shares) \| shares	(70)
Options outstanding, ending balance (in shares) \| shares	181
Options, exercisable (in shares) \| shares	181
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Options outstanding, beginning balance, weighted average exercise price (in USD per share) \| $ / shares	$ 20.63
Options, exercises in period, weighted average exercise price (in USD per share) \| $ / shares	22.01
Options outstanding, ending balance, weighted average exercise price (in USD per share) \| $ / shares	20.09
Options, exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in USD per share) \| $ / shares	$ 20.09
Options, outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual term	2 years 4 months 17 days
Options, exercisable, weighted average remaining contractual term	2 years 4 months 17 days
Options, outstanding, intrinsic value \| $	$ 814
Options, exercisable, intrinsic value \| $	$ 814

Earnings per Common Share - Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Net income	$ 1,693	$ (531)	$ 34,692	$ 64,043	$ 14,272	$ 4,573	$ 29,827	$ 70,031	$ 99,897	$ 118,703	$ 85,887
Weighted-average Class A shares issued and outstanding (in shares)									52,195	52,222	50,482
Diluted weighted-average Class A shares issued and outstanding (in shares)									53,138	54,481	53,198
Diluted earnings per common share (in USD per share)	$ 0.03	$ (0.01)	$ 0.64	$ 1.17	$ 0.26	$ 0.08	$ 0.55	$ 1.29	$ 1.88	$ 2.18	$ 1.61
Stock options
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Dilutive potential common shares (in shares)									114	327	809
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Dilutive potential common shares (in shares)									361	1,135	1,445
Performance Shares
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Dilutive potential common shares (in shares)									440	796	462
Employee stock purchase plan
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Dilutive potential common shares (in shares)									28	1	0
Retained Earnings
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Net income									$ 99,897	$ 118,703	$ 85,887

Loans to Bank Customers

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Abstract]

Loans to Bank Customers

The following table presents total outstanding loans, gross of the related allowance for loan losses, and a summary of the related payment status:



	30-59 Days Past Due			60-89 Days Past Due			90 Days or More Past Due			Total Past Due			Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due			Total Outstanding
	(In thousands)
December 31, 2019
Residential	$	1		$	—		$	—		$	1		$	4,530		$	4,531
Commercial	—			—			—			—			158			158
Installment	1			—			—			1			1,246			1,247
Secured credit card	1,080			939			2,183			4,202			12,445			16,647
Total loans	$	1,082		$	939		$	2,183		$	4,204		$	18,379		$	22,583

Percentage of outstanding	4.8		%	4.2		%	9.7		%	18.6		%	81.4		%	100.0		%

December 31, 2018
Residential	$	2		$	—		$	7		$	9		$	3,329		$	3,338
Commercial	—			—			—			—			193			193
Installment	—			2			—			2			905			907
Secured credit card	1,383			1,315			1,114			3,812			14,257			18,069
Total loans	$	1,385		$	1,317		$	1,121		$	3,823		$	18,684		$	22,507

Percentage of outstanding	6.2		%	5.9		%	5.0		%	17.0		%	83.0		%	100.0		%

Nonperforming Loans

The following table presents the carrying value, gross of the related allowance for loan losses, of our nonperforming loans. See Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further information on the criteria for classification as nonperforming.



	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(In thousands)
Residential	$	290	$	403
Installment	147		169
Secured credit card	2,183		1,114
Total loans	$	2,620	$	1,686

Credit Quality Indicators

We closely monitor and assess the credit quality and credit risk of our loan portfolio on an ongoing basis. We continuously review and update loan risk classifications. We evaluate our loans using non-classified or classified as the primary credit quality indicator. Classified loans are those loans that have demonstrated credit weakness where we believe there is a heightened risk of principal loss, including all impaired loans. Classified loans are generally internally categorized as substandard, doubtful, or loss, consistent with regulatory guidelines.

The table below presents the carrying value, gross of the related allowance for loan losses, of our loans within the primary credit quality indicators related to our loan portfolio:



	December 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Non-Classified		Classified		Non-Classified		Classified
	(In thousands)
Residential	$	4,241	$	290	$	2,935	$	403
Commercial	158		—		193		—
Installment	1,058		189		632		275
Secured credit card	14,464		2,183		16,955		1,114
Total loans	$	19,921	$	2,662	$	20,715	$	1,792

Note 6—Loans to Bank Customers (continued)

Impaired Loans and Troubled Debt Restructurings

When, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, we grant a concession for other than an insignificant period of time to a borrower that we would not otherwise consider, the related loan is classified as a Troubled Debt Restructuring, or TDR. Our TDR modifications related to extensions of the maturity dates at a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk. The following table presents our impaired loans and loans that we modified as TDRs as of December 31, 2019 and 2018:



	December 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Carrying Value		Unpaid Principal Balance		Carrying Value
	(In thousands)
Residential	$	290	$	221	$	403	$	329
Installment	160		48		190		53

Allowance for Loan Losses

Activity in the allowance for loan losses consisted of the following:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
	(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	1,144		$	291		$	277
Provision for loans	2,405			3,094			430
Loans charged off	(2,674		)	(2,657		)	(472		)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	291			416			56
Balance, end of period	$	1,166		$	1,144		$	291

Income Taxes - Schedule of Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current:
Federal									$ 11,914	$ 4,011	$ 15,545
State									1,790	894	(1,122)
Foreign									604	443	368
Current income tax expense									14,308	5,348	14,791
Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Continuing Operations [Abstract]
Federal									8,102	1,136	4,596
State									(1,226)	(1,370)	(1,816)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)									6,876	(234)	2,780
Income tax expense	$ (2,025)	$ (1,768)	$ 9,106	$ 15,871	$ (1,943)	$ (4,893)	$ 1,517	$ 10,433	$ 21,184	$ 5,114	$ 17,571

Stockholders' Equity - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) Vote / shares	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	May 31, 2017 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2015 USD ($)
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Tax impact on unrealized losses and gains on investment securities available-for-sale	$ 800,000	$ 100,000	$ 100,000
Payments for repurchase of common stock	$ 100,000,000	$ 0	$ 51,969,000
Common Class A
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Votes per share (in votes) \| Vote / shares	1
Voting threshold	24.90%
Reduced voting power	14.90%
Authorized amount					$ 150,000,000
Additional authorized amount				$ 150,000,000
Remaining authorized amount	$ 50,000,000

Earnings per Common Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings per Common Share

The calculation of basic and diluted EPS was as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Basic earnings per Class A common share
Numerator:
Net income	$	99,897	$	118,703	$	85,887
Denominator:
Weighted-average Class A shares issued and outstanding	52,195		52,222		50,482
Basic earnings per Class A common share	$	1.91	$	2.27	$	1.70

Diluted earnings per Class A common share
Numerator:
Net income	$	99,897	$	118,703	$	85,887
Denominator:
Weighted-average Class A shares issued and outstanding	52,195		52,222		50,482
Dilutive potential common shares:
Stock options	114		327		809
Service based restricted stock units	361		1,135		1,445
Performance-based restricted stock units	440		796		462
Employee stock purchase plan	28		1		—
Diluted weighted-average Class A shares issued and outstanding	53,138		54,481		53,198
Diluted earnings per Class A common share	$	1.88	$	2.18	$	1.61

For the periods presented, we excluded certain restricted stock units and stock options outstanding, which could potentially dilute basic EPS in the future, from the computation of diluted EPS as their effect was anti-dilutive. Additionally, we have excluded any performance based restricted stock units for which the performance contingency has not been met as of the end of the period, or whereby the result of including such awards was anti-dilutive. The following table shows the weighted-average number of anti-dilutive shares excluded from the diluted EPS calculation:

Note 14—Earnings per Common Share (continued)



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019	2018	2017
	(In thousands)
Class A common stock
Options to purchase Class A common stock	—	—	56
Service based restricted stock units	354	20	20
Performance-based restricted stock units	459	143	199
Total options, restricted and performance-based stock units	813	163	275

Income Taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 8,002,000	$ 7,379,000
Stock-based compensation	5,820,000	8,007,000
Reserve for overdrawn accounts	4,456,000	3,838,000
Accrued liabilities	7,965,000	11,206,000
Lease liabilities	8,195,000
Tax credit carryforwards	8,723,000	7,014,000
Capital loss carryforwards	341,000	0
Gross deferred tax assets	43,502,000	37,444,000
Valuation allowance	(341,000)	0
Deferred Tax Assets, Net of Valuation Allowance	43,161,000	37,444,000
Deferred tax liabilities:
Internal-use software costs	29,382,000	22,351,000
Property and equipment, net	2,240,000	2,803,000
Deferred expenses	4,114,000	4,909,000
Intangible assets	7,826,000	6,246,000
Gift card revenue	1,422,000	1,413,000
Lease right-of-use assets	6,524,000
Other	388,000	900,000
Total deferred tax liabilities	51,896,000	38,622,000
Net deferred tax liabilities	$ (8,735,000)	$ (1,178,000)

Property and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Property and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following:



	December 31,
	2019			2018
	(In thousands)
Land	$	205		$	205
Building	605			1,105
Computer equipment, furniture, and office equipment	61,193			60,110
Computer software purchased	31,218			27,276
Capitalized internal-use software	227,137			187,723
Tenant improvements	14,435			12,533
	334,793			288,952
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(189,317		)	(168,683		)
Property and equipment, net	$	145,476		$	120,269

Depreciation and amortization expense was $49.5 million, $38.6 million and $33.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Included in those amounts are depreciation expense related to internal-use software of $35.1 million, $25.5 million and $20.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

We recorded impairment charges of $0.6 million, $0.9 million and $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, associated with capitalized internal-use software we determined to no longer be utilized and any remaining carrying value was written off. The net carrying value of capitalized internal-use software was $119.9 million and $93.8 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Deposits - Summary of Deposits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Non-interest bearing deposit accounts
Account programs	$ 927,432	$ 817,124
Other demand deposits	128,386	97,442
Total non-interest bearing deposit accounts	1,055,818	914,566
Interest-bearing deposit accounts
Checking accounts	95,995	67,758
Savings	6,619	8,894
Secured card deposits	11,892	9,224
Time deposits, denominations greater than or equal to $100	3,854	3,796
Time deposits, denominations less than $100	1,163	1,247
Total interest-bearing deposit accounts	119,523	90,919
Total deposits	$ 1,175,341	$ 1,005,485

Segment Information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
Segment Information (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments (in segments) \| segment									2
Total operating revenues	$ 249,307	$ 240,448	$ 278,326	$ 340,514	$ 245,108	$ 236,333	$ 263,792	$ 320,342	$ 1,108,595	$ 1,065,575	$ 901,123
Total operating expenses	249,550	242,635	234,363	259,129	229,712	235,662	231,168	238,618	985,677	935,160	791,827
Operating income	$ (243)	$ (2,187)	$ 43,963	$ 81,385	$ 15,396	$ 671	$ 32,624	$ 81,724	122,918	130,415	109,296
Operating Segments \| Account Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total operating revenues									842,967	843,905	703,386
Total operating expenses									696,409	643,714	549,858
Operating income									146,558	200,191	153,528
Operating Segments \| Processing and Settlement Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total operating revenues									296,721	253,360	229,133
Total operating expenses									202,713	179,037	165,961
Operating income									94,008	74,323	63,172
Corporate And Eliminations [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total operating revenues									(31,093)	(31,690)	(31,396)
Total operating expenses									86,555	112,409	76,008
Operating income									$ (117,648)	$ (144,099)	$ (107,404)

Selected Unaudited Quarterly Financial Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Quarterly Financial Information

The following tables set forth a summary of our quarterly financial information for each of the four quarters in 2019 and 2018:



	2019
	Q4			Q3			Q2		Q1
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Total operating revenues	$	249,307		$	240,448		$	278,326	$	340,514
Total operating expenses	249,550			242,635			234,363		259,129
Operating (loss) income	(243		)	(2,187		)	43,963		81,385
Interest expense, net	89			112			165		1,471
(Loss) income before income taxes	(332		)	(2,299		)	43,798		79,914
Income tax (benefit) expense	(2,025		)	(1,768		)	9,106		15,871
Net income (loss)	$	1,693		$	(531	)	$	34,692	$	64,043
Earnings (loss) per common share
Basic
Class A common stock	$	0.03		$	(0.01	)	$	0.66	$	1.21
Diluted
Class A common stock	$	0.03		$	(0.01	)	$	0.64	$	1.17



	2018
	Q4			Q3			Q2		Q1
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Total operating revenues	$	245,108		$	236,333		$	263,792	$	320,342
Total operating expenses	229,712			235,662			231,168		238,618
Operating income	15,396			671			32,624		81,724
Interest expense, net	3,067			991			1,280		1,260
Income before income taxes	12,329			(320		)	31,344		80,464
Income tax (benefit) expense	(1,943		)	(4,893		)	1,517		10,433
Net income	$	14,272		$	4,573		$	29,827	$	70,031
Earnings per common share
Basic
Class A common stock	$	0.27		$	0.09		$	0.57	$	1.36
Diluted
Class A common stock	$	0.26		$	0.08		$	0.55	$	1.29

Property and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Property and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment

The estimated useful lives of the respective classes of assets are as follows:



Land	N/A
Building	30 years
Computer equipment, furniture and office equipment	3-10 years
Computer software purchased	3 years
Capitalized internal-use software	3-7 years
Tenant improvements	Shorter of the useful life or the lease term

Property and equipment consisted of the following:



	December 31,
	2019			2018
	(In thousands)
Land	$	205		$	205
Building	605			1,105
Computer equipment, furniture, and office equipment	61,193			60,110
Computer software purchased	31,218			27,276
Capitalized internal-use software	227,137			187,723
Tenant improvements	14,435			12,533
	334,793			288,952
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(189,317		)	(168,683		)
Property and equipment, net	$	145,476		$	120,269

Leases - Supplemental information related to our ROU assets and related lease liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities (in thousands)	$ 8,850
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term	4 years 1 month 6 days
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Discount Rate, Percent	4.70%

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment

The estimated useful lives of the respective classes of assets are as follows:



Land	N/A
Building	30 years
Computer equipment, furniture and office equipment	3-10 years
Computer software purchased	3 years
Capitalized internal-use software	3-7 years
Tenant improvements	Shorter of the useful life or the lease term

Property and equipment consisted of the following:



	December 31,
	2019			2018
	(In thousands)
Land	$	205		$	205
Building	605			1,105
Computer equipment, furniture, and office equipment	61,193			60,110
Computer software purchased	31,218			27,276
Capitalized internal-use software	227,137			187,723
Tenant improvements	14,435			12,533
	334,793			288,952
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(189,317		)	(168,683		)
Property and equipment, net	$	145,476		$	120,269

Commitments and Contingencies - Purchase Commitments (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2020	$ 17,008
2021	11,308
2022	3,425
2023	825
Total of future commitments	$ 32,566

Employee Stock-Based Compensation - Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Employee stock-based compensation	$ 29,583	$ 50,093	$ 40,734
Related income tax benefit	$ 5,143	$ 3,783	$ 9,440

Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease expense	$ 11.3
Operating lease expense		$ 7.6	$ 7.2
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remaining lease term	1 year
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remaining lease term	6 years

Concentrations of Credit Risk (Details)	12 Months Ended
Concentrations of Credit Risk (Details)	Dec. 31, 2019
Utah
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk	92.30%
Provo, Utah
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk	42.30%

Deposits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Deposits [Abstract]

Summary of Deposits

Deposits are categorized as non-interest or interest-bearing deposits as follows:



	December 31,
	2019		2018
Non-interest bearing deposit accounts	(In thousands)
Account programs	$	927,432	$	817,124
Other demand deposits	128,386		97,442
Total non-interest bearing deposit accounts	1,055,818		914,566
Interest-bearing deposit accounts
Checking accounts	95,995		67,758
Savings	6,619		8,894
Secured card deposits	11,892		9,224
Time deposits, denominations greater than or equal to $100	3,854		3,796
Time deposits, denominations less than $100	1,163		1,247
Total interest-bearing deposit accounts	119,523		90,919
Total deposits	$	1,175,341	$	1,005,485

Schedule of Contractual Maturities For Total Time Deposits

The scheduled contractual maturities for total time deposits are presented in the table below:



	December 31,
	(In thousands)
Due in 2020	$	2,608
Due in 2021	813
Due in 2022	811
Due in 2023	335
Due in 2024	450
Total time deposits	$	5,017

Cover Page - USD ($)
$ in Billions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Jan. 31, 2020

Jun. 30, 2019

Cover page.

Document Type

10-K

Document Annual Report

true

Document Period End Date

Dec. 31, 2019

Document Transition Report

false

Entity File Number

001-34819

Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code

Entity Tax Identification Number

95-4766827

Entity Address, Address Line One

3465 E. Foothill Blvd.

Entity Address, City or Town

Pasadena,

Entity Address, State or Province

Entity Address, Postal Zip Code

91107

City Area Code

(626)

Local Phone Number

765-2000

Title of 12(b) Security

Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value

Trading Symbol

GDOT

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer

Yes

Entity Voluntary Filers

Entity Current Reporting Status

Yes

Entity Interactive Data Current

Yes

Entity Filer Category

Large Accelerated Filer

Entity Small Business

false

Entity Emerging Growth Company

false

Entity Shell Company

false

Entity Public Float

$ 2.1

Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding

52,784,584

Documents Incorporated by Reference

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s proxy statement relating to the registrant’s 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated.

Entity Registrant Name

GREEN DOT CORP

Entity Central Index Key

0001386278

Current Fiscal Year End Date

--12-31

Document Fiscal Year Focus

2019

Document Fiscal Period Focus

Amendment Flag

false

Segment Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Our operations are comprised of two reportable segments: 1) Account Services and 2) Processing and Settlement Services. We identified our reportable segments based on factors such as how we manage our operations and how our chief operating decision maker views results. Our chief operating decision maker organizes and manages our business primarily on the basis of product and service offerings and uses operating income to assess profitability.

The Account Services segment consists of revenues and expenses derived from our deposit account programs, such as prepaid cards, debit cards, consumer and small business checking accounts, secured credit cards, payroll debit cards and gift cards. These deposit account programs are marketed under several of our leading consumer brand names and under the brand names of our Banking as a Service, or "BaaS," partners. The Processing and Settlement Services segment consists of revenues and expenses derived from our products and services that specialize in facilitating the movement of cash on behalf of consumers and businesses, such as consumer cash processing services, wage disbursements and tax refund processing services. The Corporate and Other segment primarily consists of eliminations of intersegment revenues and expenses, unallocated corporate expenses, depreciation and amortization, and other costs that are not considered when management evaluates segment performance. We do not evaluate performance or allocate resources based on segment asset data, and therefore such information is not presented.

Note 24—Segment Information (continued)

The following tables present certain financial information for each of our reportable segments for the periods then ended:



	Year Ended December 31, 2019
	Account Services		Processing and Settlement Services		Corporate and Other			Total
	(In thousands)
Operating revenues	$	842,967	$	296,721	$	(31,093	)	$	1,108,595
Operating expenses	696,409		202,713		86,555			985,677
Operating income	$	146,558	$	94,008	$	(117,648	)	$	122,918



	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Account Services		Processing and Settlement Services		Corporate and Other			Total
	(In thousands)
Operating revenues	$	843,905	$	253,360	$	(31,690	)	$	1,065,575
Operating expenses	643,714		179,037		112,409			935,160
Operating income	$	200,191	$	74,323	$	(144,099	)	$	130,415



	Year Ended December 31, 2017
	Account Services		Processing and Settlement Services		Corporate and Other			Total
	(In thousands)
Operating revenues	$	703,386	$	229,133	$	(31,396	)	$	901,123
Operating expenses	549,858		165,961		76,008			791,827
Operating income	$	153,528	$	63,172	$	(107,404	)	$	109,296

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

The components of income tax expense included in our consolidated statements of operations were as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
	(In thousands)
Current:
Federal	$	11,914		$	4,011		$	15,545
State	1,790			894			(1,122		)
Foreign	604			443			368
Current income tax expense	14,308			5,348			14,791
Deferred:
Federal	8,102			1,136			4,596
State	(1,226		)	(1,370		)	(1,816		)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	6,876			(234		)	2,780
Income tax expense	$	21,184		$	5,114		$	17,571

Income tax expense differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income before income taxes. The sources and tax effects of the differences are as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
U.S. federal statutory tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	35.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	0.1		(0.5	)	(2.3	)
General business credits	(2.1	)	(2.2	)	(2.8	)
Employee stock-based compensation	(2.2	)	(17.1	)	(12.4	)
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act remeasurement	—		0.2		(5.0	)
IRC 162(m) limitation	0.1		2.2		1.5
Other	0.6		0.5		3.0
Effective tax rate	17.5	%	4.1	%	17.0	%

Due to the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in 2017, we are now subject to an additional tax on the 'Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income' (GILTI) earned by our foreign subsidiary. Under FASB Staff Q&A, Topic 740, No. 5, Accounting for Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income, an entity can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred. We have made a policy election to account for GILTI in the year the tax is incurred. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the provision for GILTI expense was not material to our financial statements.

Note 13—Income Taxes (continued)

The increase in the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 is primarily due to the decrease in benefit on the recognition of excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation and additional expenses related to state taxes, net of federal benefits.

The tax effects of temporary difference that give rise to significant portions of our deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:



	December 31,
	2019			2018
	(In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	8,002		$	7,379
Stock-based compensation	5,820			8,007
Reserve for overdrawn accounts	4,456			3,838
Accrued liabilities	7,965			11,206
Lease liabilities	8,195			—
Tax credit carryforwards	8,723			7,014
Capital loss carryforwards	341			—
Gross deferred tax assets	43,502			37,444
Valuation allowance	(341		)	—
Total deferred tax assets	$	43,161		$	37,444
Deferred tax liabilities:
Internal-use software costs	$	29,382		$	22,351
Property and equipment, net	2,240			2,803
Deferred expenses	4,114			4,909
Intangible assets	7,826			6,246
Gift card revenue	1,422			1,413
Lease right-of-use assets	6,524			—
Other	388			900
Total deferred tax liabilities	51,896			38,622
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(8,735	)	$	(1,178	)

We establish a valuation allowance when we consider it more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of December 31, 2019, we provided a valuation allowance against our capital loss carryforwards as we believe it is more-likely-than-not that the tax benefits related to the capital loss carryforwards will not be realized.

We are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, and various state tax authorities. We remain subject to examination of our federal income tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2016 through 2018. We generally remain subject to examination of our various state income tax returns for a period of four to five years from the respective dates the returns were filed.

As of December 31, 2019, we have federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $31.9 million, state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $57.9 million, and capital loss carryforwards of approximately $1.5 million, which will be available to offset future income. If not used, the federal net operating losses will expire between 2021 and 2035. In regards to the state net operating loss carryforwards, approximately $31.7 million will expire between 2021 and 2039, while the remaining balance of approximately $26.2 million, does not expire and carries forward indefinitely. The capital loss carryforwards will expire between 2020 and 2023. The net operating losses are subject to an annual IRC Section 382 limitation which restricts their utilization against taxable income in future periods. In addition, we have state business tax credits of approximately $14.8 million that can be carried forward indefinitely and other state business tax credits of approximately $1.1 million that will expire between 2023 and 2027.

Note 13—Income Taxes (continued)

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had a liability of $8.3 million and $6.9 million, respectively, for unrecognized tax benefits related to various federal and state income tax matters excluding interest, penalties and related tax benefits. The reconciliation of the beginning unrecognized tax benefits balance to the ending balance is as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
	(In thousands)
Beginning balance	$	6,965		$	5,560		$	7,314
Increases related to positions taken during prior years	313			462			404
Increases related to positions taken during the current year	1,576			1,607			1,099
Decreases related to positions settled with tax authorities	—			—			(1,865		)
Decreases due to a lapse of applicable statute of limitations	(456		)	(664		)	(1,392		)
Ending balance	$	8,398		$	6,965		$	5,560

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate	$	8,341		$	6,918		$	5,560

We recognized accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, of approximately $0.5 million, $0.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

Deposits - Contractual Maturities (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Deposits [Abstract]
Due in 2020	$ 2,608
Due in 2021	813
Due in 2022	811
Due in 2023	335
Due in 2024	450
Total time deposits	5,017
Time deposits, at or above FDIC insurance limit	$ 2,300

Defined Contribution Plan (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Defined Contribution Plan (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) yr	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Defined Contribution Plan [Abstract]
Minimum age (in years) \| yr	21
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution, percent of match	50.00%
Defined contribution plan, maximum annual contribution per employee	5.00%
Defined contribution plan, cost \| $	$ 2.2	$ 1.7	$ 1.1

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for loan losses	$ 1,166	$ 1,144
Common stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares)	51,807,000	52,917,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	51,807,000	52,917,000

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Operating activities [Abstract]
Net income	$ 99,897	$ 118,703	$ 85,887
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and internal-use software	49,489	38,581	33,470
Amortization of intangible assets	32,616	32,761	31,110
Provision for uncollectible overdrawn accounts	86,451	79,790	77,145
Employee stock-based compensation	29,583	50,093	40,734
Amortization of (discount) premium on available-for-sale investment securities	(117)	1,042	1,510
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	(1,866)	3,298	(9,672)
Amortization of deferred financing costs	1,334	1,594	1,589
Impairment of capitalized software	578	922	1,326
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	6,876	(234)	2,780
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(105,052)	(85,455)	(68,368)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(12,032)	(9,930)	(16,841)
Deferred expenses	4,310	590	(2,098)
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities	(8,145)	12,471	27,982
Deferred revenue	(6,711)	4,675	4,689
Income tax receivable/payable	11,682	(1,253)	5,067
Other, net	1,021	3,403	2,000
Net cash provided by operating activities	189,914	251,051	218,310
Investing activities [Abstract]
Purchases of available-for-sale investment securities	(189,066)	(186,884)	(58,665)
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities	110,971	60,449	71,338
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities	4,915	78,385	40,310
Payments for acquisition of property and equipment	(78,214)	(61,030)	(44,142)
Net increase in loans	(2,459)	(5,887)	(12,511)
Business acquisition, net of cash acquired	0	0	(141,493)
Net cash used in investing activities	(153,853)	(114,967)	(145,163)
Financing activities [Abstract]
Borrowings from notes payable	0	0	20,000
Repayments of borrowings from notes payable	(60,000)	(22,500)	(42,500)
Borrowings on revolving line of credit	35,000	0	335,000
Repayments on revolving line of credit	0	0	(335,000)
Proceeds from exercise of options	7,226	21,880	24,161
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards	(21,338)	(46,007)	(18,077)
Net increase (decrease) in deposits	146,100	(16,733)	284,766
Net (decrease) increase in obligations to customers	(66,760)	17,255	(20,926)
Contingent consideration payments	(4,634)	(4,856)	(3,104)
Repurchase of Class A common stock	(100,000)	0	(51,969)
Deferred financing costs	(719)	0	(164)
Net cash used in financing activities	(65,125)	(50,961)	192,187
Net (decrease) increase in unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(29,064)	85,123	265,334
Unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	1,095,218	1,010,095	744,761
Unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	1,066,154	1,095,218	1,010,095
Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]
Cash paid for interest	2,452	4,888	4,520
Cash paid for income taxes	1,921	6,233	9,603
Total unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$ 1,095,218	$ 1,095,218	$ 1,010,095

Loans to Bank Customers (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule Past Due Financing Receivables

The following table presents total outstanding loans, gross of the related allowance for loan losses, and a summary of the related payment status:



	30-59 Days Past Due			60-89 Days Past Due			90 Days or More Past Due			Total Past Due			Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due			Total Outstanding
	(In thousands)
December 31, 2019
Residential	$	1		$	—		$	—		$	1		$	4,530		$	4,531
Commercial	—			—			—			—			158			158
Installment	1			—			—			1			1,246			1,247
Secured credit card	1,080			939			2,183			4,202			12,445			16,647
Total loans	$	1,082		$	939		$	2,183		$	4,204		$	18,379		$	22,583

Percentage of outstanding	4.8		%	4.2		%	9.7		%	18.6		%	81.4		%	100.0		%

December 31, 2018
Residential	$	2		$	—		$	7		$	9		$	3,329		$	3,338
Commercial	—			—			—			—			193			193
Installment	—			2			—			2			905			907
Secured credit card	1,383			1,315			1,114			3,812			14,257			18,069
Total loans	$	1,385		$	1,317		$	1,121		$	3,823		$	18,684		$	22,507

Percentage of outstanding	6.2		%	5.9		%	5.0		%	17.0		%	83.0		%	100.0		%

Schedule of Nonperforming Loans



	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(In thousands)
Residential	$	290	$	403
Installment	147		169
Secured credit card	2,183		1,114
Total loans	$	2,620	$	1,686

Schedule of Financing Receivable Credit Quality Indicators

The table below presents the carrying value, gross of the related allowance for loan losses, of our loans within the primary credit quality indicators related to our loan portfolio:



	December 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Non-Classified		Classified		Non-Classified		Classified
	(In thousands)
Residential	$	4,241	$	290	$	2,935	$	403
Commercial	158		—		193		—
Installment	1,058		189		632		275
Secured credit card	14,464		2,183		16,955		1,114
Total loans	$	19,921	$	2,662	$	20,715	$	1,792

Schedule of Troubled Debt Restructurings

The following table presents our impaired loans and loans that we modified as TDRs as of December 31, 2019 and 2018:



	December 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Carrying Value		Unpaid Principal Balance		Carrying Value
	(In thousands)
Residential	$	290	$	221	$	403	$	329
Installment	160		48		190		53

Schedule of Allowance for Loan Losses

Activity in the reserve for uncollectible overdrawn accounts consisted of the following:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
	(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	13,888		$	14,471		$	11,932
Provision for uncollectible overdrawn accounts:
Fees	79,810			67,348			69,912
Purchase transactions	6,641			12,442			7,233
Charge-offs	(83,455		)	(80,373		)	(74,606		)
Balance, end of period	$	16,884		$	13,888		$	14,471

Activity in the allowance for loan losses consisted of the following:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
	(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	1,144		$	291		$	277
Provision for loans	2,405			3,094			430
Loans charged off	(2,674		)	(2,657		)	(472		)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	291			416			56
Balance, end of period	$	1,166		$	1,144		$	291

Defined Contribution Plan	12 Months Ended
Defined Contribution Plan	Dec. 31, 2019
Defined Contribution Plan [Abstract]
Defined Contribution Plan	Defined Contribution PlanOn January 1, 2004, we established a defined contribution savings plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Employees who have attained at least 21 years of age are generally eligible to participate in the plan on the first day of the calendar month following the month in which they commence service with us. Participants may make pre-tax or after-tax contributions to the plan from their eligible earnings up to the statutorily prescribed annual limit on contributions under the code. We may contribute to the plan at the discretion of our board of directors. Currently, employer contributions amount to 50% of the first 5% of a participant's eligible compensation. Our contributions are allocated in the same manner as that of the participant’s elective contributions. We made contributions to the plan of $2.2 million, $1.7 million, and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation	Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation Our consolidated financial statements include the results of Green Dot Corporation and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. We prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or GAAP. We eliminate all significant intercompany balances and transactions on consolidation. We include the results of operations of acquired companies from the date of acquisition. Reclassifications Beginning with the first quarter of 2019, we present net interest income generated from operations at Green Dot Bank, our subsidiary bank, as a component of our total operating revenues. Prior year amounts, formerly reported below operating income on our consolidated statements of operations, have been reclassified to conform to our current year presentation on our consolidated statements of operations. This reclassification changed our previously reported total operating revenues, but had no impact on our previously reported consolidated net income or cash flows for any comparative periods presented. Net interest income at Green Dot Bank has become an increasingly important revenue component as Green Dot Bank's ability to invest its growing customer balances and generate interest income is one of several unique advantages we have as both a leading financial technology company and a federally regulated bank. Net interest income or expense generated outside of Green Dot Bank continues to be reported below operating income on our consolidated statements of operations.
Reclassifications	Reclassifications Beginning with the first quarter of 2019, we present net interest income generated from operations at Green Dot Bank, our subsidiary bank, as a component of our total operating revenues. Prior year amounts, formerly reported below operating income on our consolidated statements of operations, have been reclassified to conform to our current year presentation on our consolidated statements of operations. This reclassification changed our previously reported total operating revenues, but had no impact on our previously reported consolidated net income or cash flows for any comparative periods presented. Net interest income at Green Dot Bank has become an increasingly important revenue component as Green Dot Bank's ability to invest its growing customer balances and generate interest income is one of several unique advantages we have as both a leading financial technology company and a federally regulated bank. Net interest income or expense generated outside of Green Dot Bank continues to be reported below operating income on our consolidated statements of operations.
Use of Estimates and Assumptions	Use of Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements, including the accompanying notes. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical factors, current circumstances, and the experience and judgment of management. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Unrestricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	Unrestricted Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all unrestricted highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be unrestricted cash and cash equivalents.
Investment Securities	Investment Securities Our investment portfolio is primarily comprised of fixed income securities. We classify these securities as available-for-sale and report them at fair value with the related unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, included in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders’ equity. We classify investment securities with maturities less than or equal to 365 days as current assets. Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) We regularly evaluate each fixed income security where the value has declined below amortized cost to assess whether the decline in fair value is other-than-temporary. In determining whether an impairment is other-than-temporary, we consider the severity and duration of the decline in fair value, the length of time expected for recovery, the financial condition of the issuer, and other qualitative factors, as well as whether we either plan to sell the security or it is more likely-than-not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost. If the impairment of the investment security is credit-related, an other-than-temporary impairment is recorded in earnings. We recognize non-credit-related impairment in accumulated other comprehensive income. If we intend to sell an investment security or believe we will more-likely-than-not be required to sell a security, we record the full amount of the impairment as an other-than-temporary impairment. Interest on fixed income securities, including amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, is included in interest income.
Obligations to Customers and Settlement Assets and Obligations	Obligations to Customers and Settlement Assets and Obligations At the point of sale, our retail distributors collect customer funds for purchases of new cards and balance reloads and then remit these funds directly to the banks that issue our cards. Our retail distributors’ remittance of these funds takes an average of two business days. Settlement assets represent the amounts due from our retail distributors and other partners for customer funds collected at the point of sale that have not yet been received by our subsidiary bank. Also included in this balance are payroll amounts funded in advance (up to two days early) to certain cardholders who are eligible to participate in our early direct deposit programs. Obligations to customers represent customer funds collected from (or to be remitted by) our retail distributors for which the underlying products have not been activated. Once the underlying products have been activated, the customer funds are reclassified as deposits in a bank account established for the benefit of the customer. Settlement obligations represent the customer funds received by our subsidiary bank that are due to third-party card issuing banks upon activation.
Accounts Receivable, net	Accounts Receivable, net Accounts receivable is comprised principally of receivables due from card issuing banks, overdrawn account balances due from cardholders, trade accounts receivable, fee advances and other receivables. We record accounts receivable net of reserves for estimated uncollectible accounts. Receivables due from card issuing banks primarily represent revenue-related funds held at the third-party card issuing banks related to our network branded programs that have yet to be remitted to us. These receivables are generally collected within a short period of time based on the remittance terms in our agreements with the third-party card issuing banks. Fee advances represent short-term advances to in-person tax return preparation companies made prior to and during tax season. These advances are collateralized by their clients' tax preparation fees and are generally collected within a short period of time as the in-person tax preparation companies begin preparing and processing their clients' tax refunds. Overdrawn Account Balances Due from Cardholders and Reserve for Uncollectible Overdrawn Accounts Our cardholder accounts may become overdrawn as a result of maintenance fee assessments or from purchase transactions that we honor, in excess of the funds in a cardholder’s account. We are exposed to losses from any unrecovered overdrawn account balances. We establish a reserve for uncollectible overdrawn accounts. We classify overdrawn accounts into age groups based on the number of days that have elapsed since an account last had activity, such as a purchase, ATM transaction or maintenance fee assessment. We calculate a reserve factor for each age group based on the average recovery rate for the most recent six months. These factors are applied to these age groups to estimate our overall reserve. When more than 90 days have passed without activity in an account, we write off the full amount of the overdrawn account balance. We include our provision for uncollectible overdrawn accounts related to maintenance fees and purchase transactions as an offset to card revenues and other fees and in other general and administrative expenses, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Restricted Cash	Restricted Cash As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, restricted cash amounted to $2.7 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Restricted cash principally relates to pre-funding obligations for cardholder accounts at third-party issuing banks.
Loans to Bank Customers	Loans to Bank Customers We report loans measured at historical cost at their outstanding principal balances, net of any charge-offs, and for purchased loans, net of any unaccreted discounts. We recognize interest income as it is earned. Nonperforming Loans Nonperforming loans generally include loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status. We generally place loans on nonaccrual status when they are past due 90 days or more. We reverse the related accrued interest receivable and apply interest collections on nonaccrual loans as principal reductions; otherwise, we credit such collections to interest income when received. These loans may be restored to accrual status when all principal and interest is current and full repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is expected. For our secured credit card portfolio, when an account is past due 90 days, collateral deposits are applied against outstanding credit card balances. Any balance in excess of the collateral balance is charged off at 180 days. We consider a loan to be impaired when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Once we determine a loan to be impaired, we measure the impairment based on the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate. We may also measure impairment based on observable market prices, or for loans that are solely dependent on the collateral for repayment, the estimated fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. If the recorded investment in impaired loans exceeds this amount, we establish a specific allowance as a component of the allowance for loan losses or by adjusting an existing valuation allowance for the impaired loan. Allowance for Loan Losses We establish an allowance for loan losses to account for estimated credit losses inherent in our loan portfolio, including our secured credit cards. For each portfolio of loans, our estimate of inherent losses is separately calculated on an aggregate basis for groups of loans and are considered to have similar credit characteristics and risk of loss. We analyze historical loss rates for these groups to determine a loss rate for each group of loans. We then adjust the rates for qualitative factors which in our judgment affect the expected inherent losses. Qualitative considerations include, but are not limited to, prevailing economic or market conditions, changes in the loan grading and underwriting process, changes in the estimated value of the underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans, delinquency and nonaccrual status, problem loan trends, and geographic concentrations. We separately establish specific allowances for impaired loans based on the present value of changes in cash flows expected to be collected, or for impaired loans that are considered collateral dependent, the estimated fair value of the collateral.
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment We carry our property and equipment at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. We generally compute depreciation on property and equipment using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, except for land, which is not depreciated. We generally compute amortization on tenant improvements using the straight-line method over the shorter of the related lease term or estimated useful lives of the improvements. We expense expenditures for maintenance and repairs as incurred. We capitalize certain internal and external costs incurred to develop internal-use software during the application development stage. We also capitalize the cost of specified upgrades and enhancements to internal-use software that result in additional functionality. Once a development project is substantially complete and the software is ready for its intended use, we begin depreciating these costs on a straight-line basis over the internal-use software’s estimated useful life.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Impairment of Long-Lived Assets We evaluate long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows from an asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, we estimate the fair value of the assets. We measure the loss as the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds its fair value calculated using the present value of estimated net future cash flows.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets	Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill is the purchase premium after adjusting for the fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is reviewed for potential impairment on an annual basis, or when events or circumstances indicate a potential impairment, at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit, as defined under applicable accounting guidance, is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, referred to as a component. We may in any given period bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to a two-step method to assess and measure impairment of the reporting unit's goodwill. We first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely-than-not (i.e., a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. This step serves as the basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative impairment test. The first step of the quantitative impairment test involves a comparison of the estimated fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not impaired; however, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, then the second step of the quantitative impairment test must be performed. The second step compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with its carrying amount to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. For intangible assets subject to amortization, we recognize an impairment loss if the carrying amount of the intangible asset is not recoverable and exceeds its estimated fair value. The carrying amount of the intangible asset is considered not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset. No impairment charges were recognized related to goodwill or intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which is our best estimate of the pattern of economic benefit, based on legal, contractual, and other provisions. The estimated useful lives of the intangible assets, which consist primarily of customer relationships and trade names, range from 3-15 years.
Amounts Due to Card Issuing Banks for Overdrawn Accounts	Amounts Due to Card Issuing Banks for Overdrawn Accounts Third-party card issuing banks fund overdrawn cardholder account balances on our behalf. Amounts funded are due from us to the card issuing banks based on terms specified in the agreements with the card issuing banks. Generally, we expect to settle these obligations within two months.
Fair Value	Fair Value Under applicable accounting guidance, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability. As such, fair value reflects an exit price in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. We determine the fair values of our financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy established under applicable accounting guidance, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The following describes the three-level hierarchy: Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 1 assets and liabilities include debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market, as well as certain U.S. Treasury securities that are highly liquid and are actively traded in over-the-counter markets. Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 assets and liabilities include fixed income securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments. This category generally includes U.S. government and agency mortgage-backed fixed income securities and corporate fixed income securities. Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the overall fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation. The fair value for such assets and liabilities is generally determined using pricing models, market comparables, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques that incorporate the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability. This category generally includes certain private equity investments and certain asset-backed securities.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Our operating revenues consist of card revenues and other fees, processing and settlement service revenues and interchange revenues. The core principle of the recent revenue standard is that these revenues will be recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services, as determined under a five-step process. A description of our principal revenue generating activities is as follows: Card Revenues and Other Fees Card revenues and other fees consist of monthly maintenance fees, new card fees, ATM fees, and other card revenues. We earn these fees based upon the underlying terms and conditions with each of our cardholders that obligate us to stand ready to provide account services to each of our cardholders over the contract term. Agreements with our cardholders are considered daily service contracts as they are not fixed in duration. Also included in card revenues and other fees are program management service fees earned from our BaaS partners for cardholder programs we manage on their behalf. We charge maintenance fees on a monthly basis pursuant to the terms and conditions in the applicable cardholder agreements. We recognize monthly maintenance fees ratably over each day in the monthly bill cycle in which the fee is assessed, which represents the period our cardholders receive the benefits of our services and our performance obligation is satisfied. We charge new card fees when a consumer purchases a new card in a retail store. The new card fee provides our cardholders a material right and accordingly, we defer and recognize new card fee revenues on a straight-line basis over our average card lifetime, which is currently less than one year for our GPR cards and gift cards. For GPR cards, average card lifetime is determined based on recent historical data using the period from sale (or activation) of the card through the date of last positive balance. We reassess average card lifetime quarterly. We report the unearned portion of new card fees as a component of deferred revenue in our consolidated balance sheets. See Contract Balances discussed in Note 3 — Revenues, for further information. Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) We charge ATM fees to cardholders when they withdraw money at certain ATMs in accordance with the terms and conditions in our cardholder agreements. We recognize ATM fees when the withdrawal is made by the cardholder, which is the point in time our performance obligation is satisfied and service is performed. Since our cardholder agreements are considered daily service contracts, our performance obligations for these types of transactional based fees are satisfied on a daily basis, or as each transaction occurs. Other revenues consist primarily of revenue associated with our gift card program, transaction-based fees and fees associated with optional products or services, which we offer our cardholders at their election. Since our performance obligations are settled daily, we recognize most of these fees at the point in time the transactions occur which is when the underlying performance obligation is satisfied. In the case of our gift card program, we record the related revenues using the redemption method. Substantially all our fees are collected from our cardholders at the time the fees are assessed and debited from their account balance. Program management fees from our BaaS partners are earned on a monthly basis, pursuant to the terms of each program management agreement. Our agreements are generally multi-year arrangements of varying lengths. We recognize these fees as our program management services are rendered each month. Processing and Settlement Service Revenues Our processing and settlement services consist of cash transfer revenues, Simply Paid disbursement revenues, and tax refund processing service revenues. We generate cash transfer revenues when consumers purchase our cash transfer products (reload services) in a retail store. Our reload services are subject to the same terms and conditions in each of the applicable cardholder agreements as discussed above. We recognize these revenues at the point in time the reload services are completed. Similarly, we earn Simply Paid disbursement fees from our business partners as payment disbursements are made. We earn tax refund processing service revenues when a customer of a third-party tax preparation company chooses to pay their tax preparation fee through the use of our tax refund processing services. Revenues we earn from these services are generated from our contractual relationships with the tax software transmitters. These contracts may be multi-year agreements and vary in length, however, our underlying promise obligates us to process each refund transfer on a transaction by transaction basis as elected by the taxpayer. Accordingly, we recognize tax refund processing service revenues at the point in time we satisfy our performance obligation by remitting each taxpayer’s proceeds from his or her tax return. Interchange We earn interchange revenues from fees remitted by the merchant’s bank, which are based on rates established by the payment networks, such as Visa and MasterCard, when account holders make purchase transactions using our card products and services. We recognize interchange revenues at the point in time the transactions occur, as our performance obligation is satisfied. Principal vs Agent For all our significant revenue-generating arrangements, we record revenues on a gross basis except for our tax refund processing service revenues which are recorded on a net basis.
Sales and Marketing Expenses	Sales and Marketing Expenses Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of sales commissions, advertising and marketing expenses, and the costs of manufacturing and distributing card packages, placards, promotional materials to our retail distributors’ locations and personalized GPR cards to consumers who have activated their cards. We pay our retail distributors, and brokers commissions based on sales of our prepaid debit cards and cash transfer products in their stores. We defer and expense commissions related to new cards sales ratably over the average card lifetime, which is currently less than one year for our GPR and gift cards. Absent a new card fee, we recognize the cost of the related commissions immediately. We recognize the cost of commissions related to cash transfer products when the cash transfer transactions are completed. We recognize costs for the production of advertising as incurred. The cost of media advertising is recorded when the advertising first takes place. We record the costs associated with Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) card packages and placards as prepaid expenses, and we record the costs associated with personalized GPR cards as deferred expenses. We recognize the prepaid cost of card packages and placards over the related sales period, and we amortize the deferred cost of personalized GPR cards, when activated, over the average card lifetime.
Employee Stock-Based Compensation	Employee Stock-Based Compensation We record employee stock-based compensation expense based on the grant-date fair value of the award. For stock options and stock purchases under our employee stock purchase plan, or ESPP, we base compensation expense on fair values estimated at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. For stock awards, including restricted stock units, we base compensation expense on the fair value of our common stock at the grant date. We recognize compensation expense for awards with only service conditions that have graded vesting schedules on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award. Vesting is based upon continued service to our company and we account for any forfeitures as they occur. We have issued performance based and market based restricted stock units to our executive officers and employees. For performance-based awards, we recognize compensation cost for the restricted stock units if and when we conclude it is probable that the performance metrics will be satisfied, over the requisite service period based on the grant-date fair value of the stock. We reassess the probability of vesting at each reporting period and adjust compensation expense based on the probability assessment. For market based restricted stock units, we base compensation expense on the fair value estimated at the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation or similar lattice model. We recognize compensation expense over the requisite service period regardless of the market condition being satisfied, provided that the requisite service has been rendered, since the estimated grant date fair value incorporates the probability of outcomes that the market condition will be achieved. Under our retirement policy adopted in April 2018, following a qualified retirement, any service-based requirement for unvested stock awards held by the eligible employee is eliminated. Accordingly, the related compensation expense is recognized immediately for qualifying awards granted to eligible employees, or in the case of ineligible employees who later become eligible under the retirement policy, over the period from the grant date to the date a qualifying retirement is achieved, if earlier than the standard vesting dates. Performance-based restricted stock units issued to retirement eligible employees remain subject to the stock awards’ annual performance targets and the expense will be adjusted accordingly based expected achievement.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes Our income tax expense is comprised of current and deferred income tax expense. Current income tax expense approximates taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period. Deferred income tax expense results from the changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the periods. These gross deferred tax assets and liabilities represent decreases or increases in taxes expected to be paid in the future because of future reversals of temporary differences between the basis of assets and liabilities as measured by tax laws and their basis as reported in our consolidated financial statements. We also recognize deferred tax assets for tax attributes such as net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards. We record valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts we conclude are more likely-than-not to be realized in the foreseeable future. We recognize and measure income tax benefits based upon a two-step model: 1) a tax position must be more likely-than-not to be sustained based solely on its technical merits in order to be recognized, and 2) the benefit is measured as the largest dollar amount of that position that is more likely-than-not to be sustained upon settlement. The difference between the benefit recognized for a position and the tax benefit claimed on a tax return is referred to as an unrecognized tax benefit. We accrue income tax related interest and penalties, if applicable, within income tax expense. Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Earnings Per Common Share	Earnings Per Common Share We currently have only one class of common stock outstanding. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average common shares issued and outstanding. Diluted EPS is calculated dividing net income by the weighted-average number of the common shares issued and outstanding for each period plus amounts representing the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options, restricted stock units (including performance based restricted stock units), and shares to be purchased under our employee stock purchase plan. We calculate dilutive potential common shares using the treasury stock method. We exclude the effects of restricted stock units and stock options from the computation of diluted EPS in periods in which the effect would be anti-dilutive. Additionally, we exclude any performance based restricted stock units for which the performance contingency has not been met as of the end of the period.
Regulatory Matters and Capital Adequacy	Regulatory Matters and Capital Adequacy As a bank holding company, we are subject to comprehensive supervision and examination by the Federal Reserve Board and must comply with applicable regulations, including minimum capital and leverage requirements. If we fail to comply with any of these requirements, we may become subject to formal or informal enforcement actions, proceedings, or investigations, which could result in regulatory orders, restrictions on our business operations or requirements to take corrective actions, which may, individually or in the aggregate, affect our results of operations and restrict our ability to grow. If we fail to comply with the applicable capital and leverage requirements, or if our subsidiary bank fails to comply with its applicable capital and leverage requirements, the Federal Reserve Board may limit our or Green Dot Bank's ability to pay dividends. In addition, as a bank holding company and a financial holding company, we are generally prohibited from engaging, directly or indirectly, in any activities other than those permissible for bank holding companies and financial holding companies. This restriction might limit our ability to pursue future business opportunities which we might otherwise consider but which might fall outside the scope of permissible activities. We may also be required to serve as a “source of strength” to Green Dot Bank if it becomes less than adequately capitalized.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other ("ASU 2017-04"): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which simplifies the existing two-step guidance for goodwill impairment testing by eliminating the second step resulting in a write-down to goodwill equal to the initial amount of impairment determined in step one. The ASU is to be applied prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. We adopted the new accounting pronouncement upon its effective date on January 1, 2020, the effect of which did not have any impact to our financial statements upon initial adoption. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13") that requires financial assets measured at amortized cost be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. Credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses limited by the amount that the fair value is less than amortized cost. The amendments of ASU 2016-13 eliminate the probable incurred loss recognition model under current GAAP and introduces a forward-looking approach, based on expected losses, to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. The estimate of expected credit losses will require entities to incorporate considerations of historical information, current information, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The new ASU also expands the disclosure requirements to enable users of financial statements to understand the entity’s assumptions, models, and methods for estimating expected credit losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted the new accounting pronouncement upon its effective date on January 1, 2020 on a prospective basis and have substantially completed our assessment of the impact on our consolidated financial statements. While we do not expect a material quantitative effect, if any, to our consolidated financial statements upon adoption, we will provide expanded credit loss disclosures and any final quantitative impact as required beginning in the first quarter of 2020. Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) Recently adopted accounting pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02") in order to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. The guidance has been modified through additional technical corrections since its original issuance, including optional transition relief as provided for under ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements. ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee should recognize a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use ("ROU") asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for leases with a term greater than 12 months. We adopted the new lease standard effective January 1, 2019, electing the optional transition method that permits the new standard to be applied prospectively, as of the effective date, without restating comparative periods presented. As a result, prior periods continue to be reported in accordance with our historical lease accounting policies. We elected the package of practical expedients under the new standard, which allows us to not reassess 1) whether any expired or existing contracts as of the adoption date are or contain a lease, 2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases as of the adoption date and 3) initial direct costs for any existing leases as of the adoption date. We did not elect to use the hindsight practical expedient under the new standard when determining the lease term and assessing any impairment of ROU assets. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 resulted in the recognition of operating ROU assets of approximately $17.9 million on our consolidated balance sheet and a corresponding lease liability of approximately $25.1 million. The difference between the lease assets and liabilities recognized on our consolidated balance sheets primarily relates to accrued rent on existing leases that were offset against the ROU assets upon adoption. The adoption of the standard did not have any impact on our consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows. See Note 19 — Leases, for discussion on updates to our lease accounting policies and additional disclosures. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract ("ASU 2018-15"), which amends ASC 350-40 to address implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement (CCA) that is a service contract. ASU 2018-15 aligns the accounting for costs incurred to implement a CCA that is a service arrangement with the guidance on capitalizing costs associated with developing or obtaining internal-use software. As a result, certain implementation costs incurred by companies under hosting arrangements will be deferred and amortized. We adopted the standard effective January 1, 2019 on a prospective basis, the effect of which did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Non-employee Share-Based Payment Accounting ("ASU 2018-07"), to align the accounting for share-based payment awards issued to employees and non-employees, particularly with regard to the measurement date and the impact of performance conditions. The guidance requires equity-classified share-based payment awards issued to non-employees to be measured on the grant date, instead of being remeasured through the performance completion date under the previous guidance. We adopted the standard effective January 1, 2019, the effect of which did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, our outstanding debt consisted of the following:



	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(In thousands)
Term facility	$	—	$	58,705
Revolving facility	35,000		—
Total debt outstanding	$	35,000	$	58,705

2019 Revolving Facility

In October 2019, we entered into a secured credit agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, and other lenders party thereto. The new credit facility provides for a $100.0 million five-year revolving line of credit (the "2019 Revolving Facility"), maturing in October 2024. We use the proceeds of any borrowings under the revolving facility for working capital and other general corporate purposes, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the credit agreement. We may make voluntary repayments at any time or from time to time until maturity. Borrowings available under the 2019 Revolving Facility as of December 31, 2019 amounted to $65.0 million.

Note 10—Debt (continued)

At our election, loans made under the credit agreement bear interest at 1) a LIBOR rate (the “LIBOR Rate") or 2) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (a) the United States federal funds rate plus .50%, (a) the Wells Fargo prime rate and (c) a daily rate equal to one-month LIBOR rate plus 1.0% (the “Base Rate"), plus in either case an applicable margin. The margin is dependent upon on our total leverage ratio and varies from 1.25% to 2.00% for LIBOR Rate loans and .25% to 1.00% for Base Rate loans. The interest rate on our outstanding balance as of December 31, 2019 was 3.05%.

We also pay a commitment fee, which varies from .20% to .35% per annum on the actual daily unused portions of the 2019 Revolving Facility. Letter of credit fees are payable in respect of outstanding letters of credit at a rate per annum equal to the applicable margin for LIBOR Rate loans.

The 2019 Revolving Facility contains customary representations and warranties relating to us and our subsidiaries. The facility also contains certain affirmative and negative covenants including negative covenants that limit or restrict, among other things, liens, indebtedness, investments and acquisitions, mergers and fundamental changes, asset sales, restricted payments, changes in the nature of the business, transactions with affiliates and other matters customarily restricted in such agreements. We must also maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and a maximum consolidated leverage ratio at the end of each fiscal quarter, as set forth in the credit agreement. At December 31, 2019, we were in compliance with all such covenants.

If an event of default shall occur and be continuing under the facility, the commitments may be terminated and the principal amounts outstanding under the 2019 Revolving Facility, together with all accrued unpaid interest and other amounts owing in respect thereof, may be declared immediately due and payable.

Senior Credit Facility

In October 2014, we entered into a $225.0 million credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as an administrative agent, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, and the other lenders party thereto. The credit agreement provided for 1) a $75.0 million five-year revolving facility (the "Revolving Facility") and 2) a five-year $150.0 million term loan facility ("Term Facility" and, together with the Revolving Facility, the "Senior Credit Facility").

Quarterly principal payments of $5.6 million were payable under the Term Facility, with any remaining balance outstanding due upon maturity on October 23, 2019. In March 2019, we elected to make a voluntary prepayment of $60.0 million to retire the Term Facility without penalty or additional premium. The Revolving Facility remained available for use until the Senior Credit Facility matured in October 2019, at which point we entered into the 2019 Revolving Facility discussed above.

Cash interest expense related to our debt was $0.6 million, $3.5 million, and $4.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

We enter into operating lease agreements principally related to our corporate office locations. Currently, we do not enter into any financing lease agreements. Our leases have remaining lease terms of less than 1 year to approximately 6 years, most of which include renewal options of varying terms. We made a policy election to adopt the short term lease exemption for all leases with an initial term of 12 months or less.

Significant Assumptions, Judgments and Policies

Under Topic 842, we determine if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term. For this purpose, we consider only fixed payments stated in the leases at the time of commencement. Variable lease payments that are not based on a specified rate or index are expensed when incurred. Since an implicit interest rate for our leases cannot be determined under our contracts, we use an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available to us at the commencement date in determining the present value of our lease payments.

Note 19—Leases (continued)

Our incremental borrowing rate is based on a variety of considerations, including borrowing rates currently available to us for loans with similar terms and market participant information based on credit spreads for issuers of similar risk and credit rating.

The ROU asset also reflects any lease payments made prior to commencement and is recorded net of any lease incentives received. Our ROU asset and liability reflects, as applicable, options to extend or terminate a lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise such options. We also made a policy election to combine our lease and non-lease components for each of our existing classes of leased assets. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Our total lease expense amounted to approximately $11.3 million, $7.6 million, and $7.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Our lease expense is generally based on fixed payments stated within the agreements. Any variable payments for non-lease components and other short term lease expenses are not considered material.

Supplemental Information

Supplemental information related to our ROU assets and related lease liabilities is as follows:



	December 31, 2019

Cash paid for operating lease liabilities (in thousands)	$	8,850
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	4.1
Weighted average discount rate	4.7		%

Maturities of our operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2019 is as follows:



	Operating Leases
	(In thousands)
2020	$	9,846
2021	9,737
2022	8,734
2023	3,464
2024	3,464
Thereafter	1,732
	36,977
Less: imputed interest	(3,768		)
Total lease liabilities	$	33,209

Deposits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Deposits [Abstract]

Deposits

Deposits are categorized as non-interest or interest-bearing deposits as follows:



	December 31,
	2019		2018
Non-interest bearing deposit accounts	(In thousands)
Account programs	$	927,432	$	817,124
Other demand deposits	128,386		97,442
Total non-interest bearing deposit accounts	1,055,818		914,566
Interest-bearing deposit accounts
Checking accounts	95,995		67,758
Savings	6,619		8,894
Secured card deposits	11,892		9,224
Time deposits, denominations greater than or equal to $100	3,854		3,796
Time deposits, denominations less than $100	1,163		1,247
Total interest-bearing deposit accounts	119,523		90,919
Total deposits	$	1,175,341	$	1,005,485

The scheduled contractual maturities for total time deposits are presented in the table below:



	December 31,
	(In thousands)
Due in 2020	$	2,608
Due in 2021	813
Due in 2022	811
Due in 2023	335
Due in 2024	450
Total time deposits	$	5,017

As of December 31, 2019, we had aggregate time deposits of $2.3 million in denominations that met or exceeded the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance limit.

Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

We determine the fair values of our financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy established under applicable accounting guidance which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs used to measure fair value.

For more information regarding the fair value hierarchy and how we measure fair value, see Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, our assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:



	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Fair Value
December 31, 2019	(In thousands)
Assets
Corporate bonds	$	—	$	10,012	$	—	$	10,012
Agency bond securities	—		20,000		—		20,000
Agency mortgage-backed securities	—		211,033		—		211,033
Municipal bonds	—		4,342		—		4,342
Asset-backed securities	—		32,052		—		32,052
Total assets	$	—	$	277,439	$	—	$	277,439

Liabilities
Contingent consideration	$	—	$	—	$	9,300	$	9,300

December 31, 2018
Assets
Negotiable certificate of deposit	$	—	$	15,000	$	—	$	15,000
Agency bond securities	—		19,693		—		19,693
Agency mortgage-backed securities	—		86,813		—		86,813
Municipal bonds	—		483		—		483
Asset-backed securities	—		79,194		—		79,194
Total assets	$	—	$	201,183	$	—	$	201,183

Liabilities
Contingent consideration	$	—	$	—	$	15,800	$	15,800

We based the fair value of our fixed income securities held as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 on quoted prices in active markets for similar assets. We had no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 assets or liabilities during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Note 15—Fair Value Measurements (continued)

The following table presents changes in our contingent consideration payable for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, which is categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
	(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	15,800		$	17,358		$	8,634
Issuance	—			—			21,500
Payments of contingent consideration	(4,634		)	(4,856		)	(3,104		)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	(1,866		)	3,298			(9,672		)
Balance, end of period	$	9,300		$	15,800		$	17,358

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Operating revenues
Total operating revenues	$ 1,108,595	$ 1,065,575	$ 901,123
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing expenses	386,840	326,333	280,561
Compensation and benefits expenses	198,412	221,627	194,654
Processing expenses	200,674	181,160	161,011
Other general and administrative expenses	199,751	206,040	155,601
Total operating expenses	985,677	935,160	791,827
Operating income	122,918	130,415	109,296
Interest expense, net	1,837	6,598	5,838
Income before income taxes	121,081	123,817	103,458
Income tax expense	21,184	5,114	17,571
Net income	$ 99,897	$ 118,703	$ 85,887
Earnings per common share
Basic earnings per common share (in USD per share)	$ 1.91	$ 2.27	$ 1.70
Diluted earnings per common share (in USD per share)	$ 1.88	$ 2.18	$ 1.61
Weighted-average common shares issued and outstanding
Basic (in shares)	52,195	52,222	50,482
Diluted (in shares)	53,138	54,481	53,198
Card revenues and other fees
Operating revenues
Operating revenues	$ 459,357	$ 482,881	$ 414,775
Processing and settlement service revenues
Operating revenues
Operating revenues	287,064	247,958	217,454
Interchange revenues
Operating revenues
Operating revenues	330,233	310,919	257,922
Interest income, net
Operating revenues
Operating revenues	$ 31,941	$ 23,817	$ 10,972

Revenues - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Revenues - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Incentive payments	$ 6.4	$ 7.1	$ 4.8
Contract liabilities	$ 31.8	$ 28.7

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets Future Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Estimated Amortization Expense, Next Five Years [Abstract]
2020	$ 28,954
2021	28,608
2022	27,288
2023	26,418
2024	24,235
Thereafter	83,701
Net Book Value	$ 219,204	$ 249,326

Property and Equipment - Property and Equipment Schedule (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment	$ 334,793	$ 288,952
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(189,317)	(168,683)
Property and equipment, net	145,476	120,269
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment	205	205
Building
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment	605	1,105
Computer equipment, furniture, and office equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment	61,193	60,110
Computer software purchased
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment	31,218	27,276
Capitalized internal-use software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment	227,137	187,723
Tenant improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment	$ 14,435	$ 12,533

Employee Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Employee Stock-Based Compensation

In June 2010, our board of directors adopted, and in July 2010 our stockholders approved, the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, which replaced our 2001 Stock Plan, and the 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The 2010 Equity Incentive Plan authorizes the award of stock options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, performance shares and stock bonuses. Options granted under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan generally vest over four years and expire five years or ten years from the date of grant. The 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan enables eligible employees to purchase shares of our Class A common stock periodically at a discount. Our 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan is intended to qualify as an employee stock purchase plan under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. Approximately 2.1 million shares are available for grant under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2019.



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	29,583	$	50,093	$	40,734
Related income tax benefit	5,143		3,783		9,440

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes restricted stock units with only service conditions granted under our 2010 Equity Incentive Plan:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Restricted stock units granted	238		452		656
Weighted-average grant-date fair value	$	38.93	$	74.33	$	48.72

Restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2019 was as follows:



	Shares		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	1,554		$	44.38
Restricted stock units granted	238		38.93
Restricted stock units vested	(654	)	34.60
Restricted stock units canceled	(250	)	53.85
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	888		$	47.20

The total fair value of restricted stock vested for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $30.9 million, $67.5 million and $41.5 million, respectively, based on the price of our Class A common stock on the vesting date.

Performance Based Restricted Stock Units

We grant performance-based restricted stock units to certain employees which are subject to the attainment of pre-established annual performance targets for, among other things, non-GAAP earnings per share for the grant year. The actual number of shares subject to the award is determined at the end of the annual performance period and may range from zero to 150% of the target shares granted. These awards contain an additional service component after each annual performance period is concluded and the unvested balance of the shares determined at the end of the annual performance period will vest over the remaining requisite service period. Compensation expense related to these awards is recognized using the accelerated attribution method over the vesting period (generally, a period of four years) based on the fair value of the closing market price of our Class A common stock on the date of the grant

Note 12—Employee Stock-Based Compensation (continued)

and the estimated performance that is expected to be achieved. In the case of our former Chief Executive Officer, vesting of his awards was based on our achievement of total shareholder return ("TSR") relative to the S&P 600 index over a three-year performance period, with awards eligible for a maximum payout up to 150% of the target shares for awards granted prior to 2019 or 200% of the target shares for awards granted in 2019, respectively. Compensation expense related to these awards is recognized over the performance period based on the grant date fair value through the use of a Monte Carlo simulation and are not subsequently re-measured. Any unvested awards of our former Chief Executive Officer were forfeited as of December 31, 2019 as a result of his retirement.

The following table summarizes the performance-based restricted stock units granted under our 2010 Equity Incentive Plan:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Performance based restricted stock units granted	722		276		616
Weighted-average grant-date fair value	$	48.45	$	71.70	$	36.13

Performance based restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2019 was as follows:



	Shares		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	837		$	45.41
Performance restricted stock units granted (at target)	722		$	48.45
Performance restricted stock units vested	(463	)	$	45.44
Performance restricted stock units canceled	(398	)	$	54.10
Actual adjustment for certified performance periods	156		$	57.38
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	854		$	54.63

In June 2019, we modified the performance targets for certain performance-based restricted stock units issued at the beginning of 2019. The modification for these awards was classified as improbable to probable, and resulted in a lower grant date fair value at the time of modification compared to the original grant date and an overall decrease in stock-based compensation expense recognized for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the prior year period. Stock-based compensation for these modified awards, as well as other performance-based restricted stock units issued during the year, have further been adjusted to reflect our estimated achievement under the modified targets.

The total fair value of performance based restricted stock vested for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $22.7 million, $45.1 million and $4.4 million, respectively, based on the price of our Class A common stock on the vesting date.

Stock Options

Stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2019 was as follows:



	Options		Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
	(In thousands, except per share data and years)
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	251		$	20.63
Options exercised	(70	)	22.01
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	181		$	20.09	2.38	$	814
Exercisable at December 31, 2019	181		20.09		2.38	$	814

Note 12—Employee Stock-Based Compensation (continued)

The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $2.4 million, $36.2 million and $24.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

We have not issued any new stock option awards from our equity plan for the periods presented in these consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, any additional required disclosures with respect to fair value assumptions of our stock options have been omitted.

As of December 31, 2019, there was $40.9 million of aggregate unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units (including performance based awards) expected to be recognized in compensation expense in future periods, with a weighted-average period of 2.26 years. As of December 31, 2019, we had no unvested stock options and thus, no remaining unrecognized compensation cost.

Investment Securities - Gross Gains and Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	$ 274,957	$ 201,660
Gross unrealized gains	2,725	73
Gross unrealized losses	(243)	(550)
Fair value	277,439	201,183
Corporate bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	10,000
Gross unrealized gains	12
Gross unrealized losses	0
Fair value	10,012
Negotiable certificate of deposit
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost		15,000
Gross unrealized gains		0
Gross unrealized losses		0
Fair value		15,000
Agency bond securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	19,980	19,723
Gross unrealized gains	20	6
Gross unrealized losses	0	(36)
Fair value	20,000	19,693
Agency mortgage-backed securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	208,821	87,156
Gross unrealized gains	2,453	53
Gross unrealized losses	(241)	(396)
Fair value	211,033	86,813
Municipal bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	4,342	507
Gross unrealized gains	2	0
Gross unrealized losses	(2)	(24)
Fair value	4,342	483
Asset-backed securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	31,814	79,274
Gross unrealized gains	238	14
Gross unrealized losses	0	(94)
Fair value	$ 32,052	$ 79,194

Significant Customer Concentration

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Significant Customer Concentrations [Abstract]

Significant Retailer Concentration

A credit concentration may exist if customers are involved in similar industries, economic sectors, and geographic regions. Our retail distributors operate in similar economic sectors but diverse domestic geographic regions. The loss of a significant retail distributor could have a material adverse effect upon our card sales, profitability, and revenue growth.

Revenue Concentrations

Revenues derived from our products sold at retail distributors constituting greater than 10% of our total operating revenues were as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019	2018	2017
Walmart	34%	36%	40%

No other retail distributor or partner made up greater than 10% of our total operating revenues for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017.

Settlement Asset Concentrations

Settlement assets derived from our products sold at retail distributors constituting greater than 10% of the settlement assets outstanding on our consolidated balance sheets were as follows:



	December 31, 2019	December 31, 2018
Walmart	13%	18%

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

Our consolidated financial statements include the results of Green Dot Corporation and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. We prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or GAAP. We eliminate all significant intercompany balances and transactions on consolidation. We include the results of operations of acquired companies from the date of acquisition.

Reclassifications

Beginning with the first quarter of 2019, we present net interest income generated from operations at Green Dot Bank, our subsidiary bank, as a component of our total operating revenues. Prior year amounts, formerly reported below operating income on our consolidated statements of operations, have been reclassified to conform to our current year presentation on our consolidated statements of operations. This reclassification changed our previously reported total operating revenues, but had no impact on our previously reported consolidated net income or cash flows for any comparative periods presented.

Net interest income at Green Dot Bank has become an increasingly important revenue component as Green Dot Bank's ability to invest its growing customer balances and generate interest income is one of several unique advantages we have as both a leading financial technology company and a federally regulated bank. Net interest income or expense generated outside of Green Dot Bank continues to be reported below operating income on our consolidated statements of operations.

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements, including the accompanying notes. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical factors, current circumstances, and the experience and judgment of management. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Unrestricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all unrestricted highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be unrestricted cash and cash equivalents.

Investment Securities

Our investment portfolio is primarily comprised of fixed income securities. We classify these securities as available-for-sale and report them at fair value with the related unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, included in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders’ equity. We classify investment securities with maturities less than or equal to 365 days as current assets.

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

We regularly evaluate each fixed income security where the value has declined below amortized cost to assess whether the decline in fair value is other-than-temporary. In determining whether an impairment is other-than-temporary, we consider the severity and duration of the decline in fair value, the length of time expected for recovery, the financial condition of the issuer, and other qualitative factors, as well as whether we either plan to sell the security or it is more likely-than-not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost. If the impairment of the investment security is credit-related, an other-than-temporary impairment is recorded in earnings. We recognize non-credit-related impairment in accumulated other comprehensive income. If we intend to sell an investment security or believe we will more-likely-than-not be required to sell a security, we record the full amount of the impairment as an other-than-temporary impairment.

Interest on fixed income securities, including amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, is included in interest income.

Obligations to Customers and Settlement Assets and Obligations

At the point of sale, our retail distributors collect customer funds for purchases of new cards and balance reloads and then remit these funds directly to the banks that issue our cards. Our retail distributors’ remittance of these funds takes an average of two business days.

Settlement assets represent the amounts due from our retail distributors and other partners for customer funds collected at the point of sale that have not yet been received by our subsidiary bank. Also included in this balance are payroll amounts funded in advance (up to two days early) to certain cardholders who are eligible to participate in our early direct deposit programs. Obligations to customers represent customer funds collected from (or to be remitted by) our retail distributors for which the underlying products have not been activated. Once the underlying products have been activated, the customer funds are reclassified as deposits in a bank account established for the benefit of the customer. Settlement obligations represent the customer funds received by our subsidiary bank that are due to third-party card issuing banks upon activation.

Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts receivable is comprised principally of receivables due from card issuing banks, overdrawn account balances due from cardholders, trade accounts receivable, fee advances and other receivables. We record accounts receivable net of reserves for estimated uncollectible accounts. Receivables due from card issuing banks primarily represent revenue-related funds held at the third-party card issuing banks related to our network branded programs that have yet to be remitted to us. These receivables are generally collected within a short period of time based on the remittance terms in our agreements with the third-party card issuing banks. Fee advances represent short-term advances to in-person tax return preparation companies made prior to and during tax season. These advances are collateralized by their clients' tax preparation fees and are generally collected within a short period of time as the in-person tax preparation companies begin preparing and processing their clients' tax refunds.

Overdrawn Account Balances Due from Cardholders and Reserve for Uncollectible Overdrawn Accounts

Our cardholder accounts may become overdrawn as a result of maintenance fee assessments or from purchase transactions that we honor, in excess of the funds in a cardholder’s account. We are exposed to losses from any unrecovered overdrawn account balances. We establish a reserve for uncollectible overdrawn accounts. We classify overdrawn accounts into age groups based on the number of days that have elapsed since an account last had activity, such as a purchase, ATM transaction or maintenance fee assessment. We calculate a reserve factor for each age group based on the average recovery rate for the most recent six months. These factors are applied to these age groups to estimate our overall reserve. When more than 90 days have passed without activity in an account, we write off the full amount of the overdrawn account balance. We include our provision for uncollectible overdrawn accounts related to maintenance fees and purchase transactions as an offset to card revenues and other fees and in other general and administrative expenses, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Restricted Cash

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, restricted cash amounted to $2.7 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Restricted cash principally relates to pre-funding obligations for cardholder accounts at third-party issuing banks.

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Loans to Bank Customers

We report loans measured at historical cost at their outstanding principal balances, net of any charge-offs, and for purchased loans, net of any unaccreted discounts. We recognize interest income as it is earned.

Nonperforming Loans

Nonperforming loans generally include loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status. We generally place loans on nonaccrual status when they are past due 90 days or more. We reverse the related accrued interest receivable and apply interest collections on nonaccrual loans as principal reductions; otherwise, we credit such collections to interest income when received. These loans may be restored to accrual status when all principal and interest is current and full repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is expected. For our secured credit card portfolio, when an account is past due 90 days, collateral deposits are applied against outstanding credit card balances. Any balance in excess of the collateral balance is charged off at 180 days.

We consider a loan to be impaired when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Once we determine a loan to be impaired, we measure the impairment based on the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate. We may also measure impairment based on observable market prices, or for loans that are solely dependent on the collateral for repayment, the estimated fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. If the recorded investment in impaired loans exceeds this amount, we establish a specific allowance as a component of the allowance for loan losses or by adjusting an existing valuation allowance for the impaired loan.

Allowance for Loan Losses

We establish an allowance for loan losses to account for estimated credit losses inherent in our loan portfolio, including our secured credit cards. For each portfolio of loans, our estimate of inherent losses is separately calculated on an aggregate basis for groups of loans and are considered to have similar credit characteristics and risk of loss. We analyze historical loss rates for these groups to determine a loss rate for each group of loans. We then adjust the rates for qualitative factors which in our judgment affect the expected inherent losses. Qualitative considerations include, but are not limited to, prevailing economic or market conditions, changes in the loan grading and underwriting process, changes in the estimated value of the underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans, delinquency and nonaccrual status, problem loan trends, and geographic concentrations. We separately establish specific allowances for impaired loans based on the present value of changes in cash flows expected to be collected, or for impaired loans that are considered collateral dependent, the estimated fair value of the collateral.

Property and Equipment

We carry our property and equipment at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. We generally compute depreciation on property and equipment using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, except for land, which is not depreciated. We generally compute amortization on tenant improvements using the straight-line method over the shorter of the related lease term or estimated useful lives of the improvements. We expense expenditures for maintenance and repairs as incurred.

We capitalize certain internal and external costs incurred to develop internal-use software during the application development stage. We also capitalize the cost of specified upgrades and enhancements to internal-use software that result in additional functionality. Once a development project is substantially complete and the software is ready for its intended use, we begin depreciating these costs on a straight-line basis over the internal-use software’s estimated useful life.

The estimated useful lives of the respective classes of assets are as follows:



Land	N/A
Building	30 years
Computer equipment, furniture and office equipment	3-10 years
Computer software purchased	3 years
Capitalized internal-use software	3-7 years
Tenant improvements	Shorter of the useful life or the lease term

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We evaluate long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows from an asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, we estimate the fair value of the assets. We measure the loss as the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds its fair value calculated using the present value of estimated net future cash flows. We recorded impairment charges of $0.6 million, $0.9 million and $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, associated with capitalized internal-use software we determined to no longer be utilized and any remaining carrying value was written off. These impairment charges are included in other general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is the purchase premium after adjusting for the fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is reviewed for potential impairment on an annual basis, or when events or circumstances indicate a potential impairment, at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit, as defined under applicable accounting guidance, is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, referred to as a component. We may in any given period bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to a two-step method to assess and measure impairment of the reporting unit's goodwill. We first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely-than-not (i.e., a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. This step serves as the basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative impairment test. The first step of the quantitative impairment test involves a comparison of the estimated fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not impaired; however, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, then the second step of the quantitative impairment test must be performed. The second step compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with its carrying amount to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any.

The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

For intangible assets subject to amortization, we recognize an impairment loss if the carrying amount of the intangible asset is not recoverable and exceeds its estimated fair value. The carrying amount of the intangible asset is considered not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset.

No impairment charges were recognized related to goodwill or intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which is our best estimate of the pattern of economic benefit, based on legal, contractual, and other provisions. The estimated useful lives of the intangible assets, which consist primarily of customer relationships and trade names, range from 3-15 years.

Amounts Due to Card Issuing Banks for Overdrawn Accounts

Third-party card issuing banks fund overdrawn cardholder account balances on our behalf. Amounts funded are due from us to the card issuing banks based on terms specified in the agreements with the card issuing banks. Generally, we expect to settle these obligations within two months.

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Fair Value

Under applicable accounting guidance, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability. As such, fair value reflects an exit price in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

We determine the fair values of our financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy established under applicable accounting guidance, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The following describes the three-level hierarchy:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 1 assets and liabilities include debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market, as well as certain U.S. Treasury securities that are highly liquid and are actively traded in over-the-counter markets.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 assets and liabilities include fixed income securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments. This category generally includes U.S. government and agency mortgage-backed fixed income securities and corporate fixed income securities.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the overall fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation. The fair value for such assets and liabilities is generally determined using pricing models, market comparables, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques that incorporate the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability. This category generally includes certain private equity investments and certain asset-backed securities.

Revenue Recognition

Our operating revenues consist of card revenues and other fees, processing and settlement service revenues and interchange revenues. The core principle of the recent revenue standard is that these revenues will be recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services, as determined under a five-step process.

A description of our principal revenue generating activities is as follows:

Card Revenues and Other Fees

Card revenues and other fees consist of monthly maintenance fees, new card fees, ATM fees, and other card revenues. We earn these fees based upon the underlying terms and conditions with each of our cardholders that obligate us to stand ready to provide account services to each of our cardholders over the contract term. Agreements with our cardholders are considered daily service contracts as they are not fixed in duration. Also included in card revenues and other fees are program management service fees earned from our BaaS partners for cardholder programs we manage on their behalf.

We charge maintenance fees on a monthly basis pursuant to the terms and conditions in the applicable cardholder agreements. We recognize monthly maintenance fees ratably over each day in the monthly bill cycle in which the fee is assessed, which represents the period our cardholders receive the benefits of our services and our performance obligation is satisfied.

We charge new card fees when a consumer purchases a new card in a retail store. The new card fee provides our cardholders a material right and accordingly, we defer and recognize new card fee revenues on a straight-line basis over our average card lifetime, which is currently less than one year for our GPR cards and gift cards. For GPR cards, average card lifetime is determined based on recent historical data using the period from sale (or activation) of the card through the date of last positive balance. We reassess average card lifetime quarterly. We report the unearned portion of new card fees as a component of deferred revenue in our consolidated balance sheets. See Contract Balances discussed in Note 3 — Revenues, for further information.

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

We charge ATM fees to cardholders when they withdraw money at certain ATMs in accordance with the terms and conditions in our cardholder agreements. We recognize ATM fees when the withdrawal is made by the cardholder, which is the point in time our performance obligation is satisfied and service is performed. Since our cardholder agreements are considered daily service contracts, our performance obligations for these types of transactional based fees are satisfied on a daily basis, or as each transaction occurs.

Other revenues consist primarily of revenue associated with our gift card program, transaction-based fees and fees associated with optional products or services, which we offer our cardholders at their election. Since our performance obligations are settled daily, we recognize most of these fees at the point in time the transactions occur which is when the underlying performance obligation is satisfied. In the case of our gift card program, we record the related revenues using the redemption method.

Substantially all our fees are collected from our cardholders at the time the fees are assessed and debited from their account balance.

Program management fees from our BaaS partners are earned on a monthly basis, pursuant to the terms of each program management agreement. Our agreements are generally multi-year arrangements of varying lengths. We recognize these fees as our program management services are rendered each month.

Processing and Settlement Service Revenues

Our processing and settlement services consist of cash transfer revenues, Simply Paid disbursement revenues, and tax refund processing service revenues.

We generate cash transfer revenues when consumers purchase our cash transfer products (reload services) in a retail store. Our reload services are subject to the same terms and conditions in each of the applicable cardholder agreements as discussed above. We recognize these revenues at the point in time the reload services are completed. Similarly, we earn Simply Paid disbursement fees from our business partners as payment disbursements are made.

We earn tax refund processing service revenues when a customer of a third-party tax preparation company chooses to pay their tax preparation fee through the use of our tax refund processing services. Revenues we earn from these services are generated from our contractual relationships with the tax software transmitters. These contracts may be multi-year agreements and vary in length, however, our underlying promise obligates us to process each refund transfer on a transaction by transaction basis as elected by the taxpayer. Accordingly, we recognize tax refund processing service revenues at the point in time we satisfy our performance obligation by remitting each taxpayer’s proceeds from his or her tax return.

Interchange

We earn interchange revenues from fees remitted by the merchant’s bank, which are based on rates established by the payment networks, such as Visa and MasterCard, when account holders make purchase transactions using our card products and services. We recognize interchange revenues at the point in time the transactions occur, as our performance obligation is satisfied.

Principal vs Agent

For all our significant revenue-generating arrangements, we record revenues on a gross basis except for our tax refund processing service revenues which are recorded on a net basis.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of sales commissions, advertising and marketing expenses, and the costs of manufacturing and distributing card packages, placards, promotional materials to our retail distributors’ locations and personalized GPR cards to consumers who have activated their cards.

We pay our retail distributors, and brokers commissions based on sales of our prepaid debit cards and cash transfer products in their stores. We defer and expense commissions related to new cards sales ratably over the average card lifetime, which is currently less than one year for our GPR and gift cards. Absent a new card fee, we recognize the cost of the related commissions immediately. We recognize the cost of commissions related to cash transfer products when the cash transfer transactions are completed. We recognize costs for the production of advertising as incurred. The cost of media advertising is recorded when the advertising first takes place. We record the costs associated with

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

card packages and placards as prepaid expenses, and we record the costs associated with personalized GPR cards as deferred expenses. We recognize the prepaid cost of card packages and placards over the related sales period, and we amortize the deferred cost of personalized GPR cards, when activated, over the average card lifetime.

Included in sales and marketing expenses are advertising and marketing expenses of $51.1 million, $23.2 million and $25.1 million and shipping and handling costs of $1.5 million, $2.0 million and $3.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Also included in sales and marketing expenses are use taxes to various states related to purchases of materials since we do not charge sales tax to customers when new cards or cash transfer transactions are purchased.

Employee Stock-Based Compensation

We record employee stock-based compensation expense based on the grant-date fair value of the award. For stock options and stock purchases under our employee stock purchase plan, or ESPP, we base compensation expense on fair values estimated at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. For stock awards, including restricted stock units, we base compensation expense on the fair value of our common stock at the grant date. We recognize compensation expense for awards with only service conditions that have graded vesting schedules on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award. Vesting is based upon continued service to our company and we account for any forfeitures as they occur.

We have issued performance based and market based restricted stock units to our executive officers and employees. For performance-based awards, we recognize compensation cost for the restricted stock units if and when we conclude it is probable that the performance metrics will be satisfied, over the requisite service period based on the grant-date fair value of the stock. We reassess the probability of vesting at each reporting period and adjust compensation expense based on the probability assessment. For market based restricted stock units, we base compensation expense on the fair value estimated at the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation or similar lattice model. We recognize compensation expense over the requisite service period regardless of the market condition being satisfied, provided that the requisite service has been rendered, since the estimated grant date fair value incorporates the probability of outcomes that the market condition will be achieved.

Under our retirement policy adopted in April 2018, following a qualified retirement, any service-based requirement for unvested stock awards held by the eligible employee is eliminated. Accordingly, the related compensation expense is recognized immediately for qualifying awards granted to eligible employees, or in the case of ineligible employees who later become eligible under the retirement policy, over the period from the grant date to the date a qualifying retirement is achieved, if earlier than the standard vesting dates. Performance-based restricted stock units issued to retirement eligible employees remain subject to the stock awards’ annual performance targets and the expense will be adjusted accordingly based expected achievement.

Income Taxes

Our income tax expense is comprised of current and deferred income tax expense. Current income tax expense approximates taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period. Deferred income tax expense results from the changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the periods. These gross deferred tax assets and liabilities represent decreases or increases in taxes expected to be paid in the future because of future reversals of temporary differences between the basis of assets and liabilities as measured by tax laws and their basis as reported in our consolidated financial statements. We also recognize deferred tax assets for tax attributes such as net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards. We record valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts we conclude are more likely-than-not to be realized in the foreseeable future.

We recognize and measure income tax benefits based upon a two-step model: 1) a tax position must be more likely-than-not to be sustained based solely on its technical merits in order to be recognized, and 2) the benefit is measured as the largest dollar amount of that position that is more likely-than-not to be sustained upon settlement. The difference between the benefit recognized for a position and the tax benefit claimed on a tax return is referred to as an unrecognized tax benefit. We accrue income tax related interest and penalties, if applicable, within income tax expense.

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Earnings Per Common Share

We currently have only one class of common stock outstanding. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average common shares issued and outstanding.

Diluted EPS is calculated dividing net income by the weighted-average number of the common shares issued and outstanding for each period plus amounts representing the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options, restricted stock units (including performance based restricted stock units), and shares to be purchased under our employee stock purchase plan. We calculate dilutive potential common shares using the treasury stock method. We exclude the effects of restricted stock units and stock options from the computation of diluted EPS in periods in which the effect would be anti-dilutive. Additionally, we exclude any performance based restricted stock units for which the performance contingency has not been met as of the end of the period.

Regulatory Matters and Capital Adequacy

As a bank holding company, we are subject to comprehensive supervision and examination by the Federal Reserve Board and must comply with applicable regulations, including minimum capital and leverage requirements. If we fail to comply with any of these requirements, we may become subject to formal or informal enforcement actions, proceedings, or investigations, which could result in regulatory orders, restrictions on our business operations or requirements to take corrective actions, which may, individually or in the aggregate, affect our results of operations and restrict our ability to grow. If we fail to comply with the applicable capital and leverage requirements, or if our subsidiary bank fails to comply with its applicable capital and leverage requirements, the Federal Reserve Board may limit our or Green Dot Bank's ability to pay dividends. In addition, as a bank holding company and a financial holding company, we are generally prohibited from engaging, directly or indirectly, in any activities other than those permissible for bank holding companies and financial holding companies. This restriction might limit our ability to pursue future business opportunities which we might otherwise consider but which might fall outside the scope of permissible activities. We may also be required to serve as a “source of strength” to Green Dot Bank if it becomes less than adequately capitalized.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other ("ASU 2017-04"): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which simplifies the existing two-step guidance for goodwill impairment testing by eliminating the second step resulting in a write-down to goodwill equal to the initial amount of impairment determined in step one. The ASU is to be applied prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. We adopted the new accounting pronouncement upon its effective date on January 1, 2020, the effect of which did not have any impact to our financial statements upon initial adoption.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13") that requires financial assets measured at amortized cost be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. Credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses limited by the amount that the fair value is less than amortized cost. The amendments of ASU 2016-13 eliminate the probable incurred loss recognition model under current GAAP and introduces a forward-looking approach, based on expected losses, to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. The estimate of expected credit losses will require entities to incorporate considerations of historical information, current information, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The new ASU also expands the disclosure requirements to enable users of financial statements to understand the entity’s assumptions, models, and methods for estimating expected credit losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted the new accounting pronouncement upon its effective date on January 1, 2020 on a prospective basis and have substantially completed our assessment of the impact on our consolidated financial statements. While we do not expect a material quantitative effect, if any, to our consolidated financial statements upon adoption, we will provide expanded credit loss disclosures and any final quantitative impact as required beginning in the first quarter of 2020.

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02") in order to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. The guidance has been modified through additional technical corrections since its original issuance, including optional transition relief as provided for under ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements. ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee should recognize a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use ("ROU") asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for leases with a term greater than 12 months.

We adopted the new lease standard effective January 1, 2019, electing the optional transition method that permits the new standard to be applied prospectively, as of the effective date, without restating comparative periods presented. As a result, prior periods continue to be reported in accordance with our historical lease accounting policies. We elected the package of practical expedients under the new standard, which allows us to not reassess 1) whether any expired or existing contracts as of the adoption date are or contain a lease, 2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases as of the adoption date and 3) initial direct costs for any existing leases as of the adoption date. We did not elect to use the hindsight practical expedient under the new standard when determining the lease term and assessing any impairment of ROU assets.

The adoption of ASU 2016-02 resulted in the recognition of operating ROU assets of approximately $17.9 million on our consolidated balance sheet and a corresponding lease liability of approximately $25.1 million. The difference between the lease assets and liabilities recognized on our consolidated balance sheets primarily relates to accrued rent on existing leases that were offset against the ROU assets upon adoption. The adoption of the standard did not have any impact on our consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows. See Note 19 — Leases, for discussion on updates to our lease accounting policies and additional disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract ("ASU 2018-15"), which amends ASC 350-40 to address implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement (CCA) that is a service contract. ASU 2018-15 aligns the accounting for costs incurred to implement a CCA that is a service arrangement with the guidance on capitalizing costs associated with developing or obtaining internal-use software. As a result, certain implementation costs incurred by companies under hosting arrangements will be deferred and amortized. We adopted the standard effective January 1, 2019 on a prospective basis, the effect of which did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Non-employee Share-Based Payment Accounting ("ASU 2018-07"), to align the accounting for share-based payment awards issued to employees and non-employees, particularly with regard to the measurement date and the impact of performance conditions. The guidance requires equity-classified share-based payment awards issued to non-employees to be measured on the grant date, instead of being remeasured through the performance completion date under the previous guidance. We adopted the standard effective January 1, 2019, the effect of which did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

Selected Unaudited Quarterly Financial Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Total operating revenues	$ 249,307	$ 240,448	$ 278,326	$ 340,514	$ 245,108	$ 236,333	$ 263,792	$ 320,342	$ 1,108,595	$ 1,065,575	$ 901,123
Total operating expenses	249,550	242,635	234,363	259,129	229,712	235,662	231,168	238,618	985,677	935,160	791,827
Operating income	(243)	(2,187)	43,963	81,385	15,396	671	32,624	81,724	122,918	130,415	109,296
Interest expense, net	89	112	165	1,471	3,067	991	1,280	1,260	1,837	6,598	5,838
Income before income taxes	(332)	(2,299)	43,798	79,914	12,329	(320)	31,344	80,464	121,081	123,817	103,458
Income tax expense	(2,025)	(1,768)	9,106	15,871	(1,943)	(4,893)	1,517	10,433	21,184	5,114	17,571
Net income	$ 1,693	$ (531)	$ 34,692	$ 64,043	$ 14,272	$ 4,573	$ 29,827	$ 70,031	$ 99,897	$ 118,703	$ 85,887
Basic earnings per common share (in USD per share)	$ 0.03	$ (0.01)	$ 0.66	$ 1.21	$ 0.27	$ 0.09	$ 0.57	$ 1.36	$ 1.91	$ 2.27	$ 1.70
Diluted earnings per common share (in USD per share)	$ 0.03	$ (0.01)	$ 0.64	$ 1.17	$ 0.26	$ 0.08	$ 0.55	$ 1.29	$ 1.88	$ 2.18	$ 1.61

Investment Securities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Investment Securities [Abstract]

Investment Securities

Our available-for-sale investment securities were as follows:



	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Fair value
	(In thousands)
December 31, 2019
Corporate bonds	$	10,000	$	12	$	—		$	10,012
Agency bond securities	19,980		20		—			20,000
Agency mortgage-backed securities	208,821		2,453		(241		)	211,033
Municipal bonds	4,342		2		(2		)	4,342
Asset-backed securities	31,814		238		—			32,052
Total investment securities	$	274,957	$	2,725	$	(243	)	$	277,439

December 31, 2018
Negotiable certificate of deposit	$	15,000	$	—	$	—		$	15,000
Agency bond securities	19,723		6		(36		)	19,693
Agency mortgage-backed securities	87,156		53		(396		)	86,813
Municipal bonds	507		—		(24		)	483
Asset-backed securities	79,274		14		(94		)	79,194
Total investment securities	$	201,660	$	73	$	(550	)	$	201,183

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the gross unrealized losses and fair values of available-for-sale investment securities that were in unrealized loss positions were as follows:



	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total fair value		Total unrealized loss
	Fair value		Unrealized loss			Fair value		Unrealized loss			Total fair value		Total unrealized loss
	(In thousands)
December 31, 2019
Agency mortgage-backed securities	$	43,337	$	(153	)	$	8,735	$	(88	)	$	52,072	$	(241	)
Municipal bonds	—		—			113		(2		)	113		(2		)
Total investment securities	$	43,337	$	(153	)	$	8,848	$	(90	)	$	52,185	$	(243	)

December 31, 2018
Agency bond securities	$	14,937	$	(36	)	$	—	$	—		$	14,937	$	(36	)
Agency mortgage-backed securities	28,939		(103		)	8,743		(293		)	37,682		(396		)
Municipal bonds	353		(14		)	130		(10		)	483		(24		)
Asset-backed securities	50,980		(70		)	7,333		(24		)	58,313		(94		)
Total investment securities	$	95,209	$	(223	)	$	16,206	$	(327	)	$	111,415	$	(550	)

We did not record any other-than-temporary impairment losses during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 on our available-for-sale investment securities. We do not intend to sell these investments and we have determined that it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell these investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be at maturity.

Note 4—Investment Securities (continued)

As of December 31, 2019, the contractual maturities of our available-for-sale investment securities were as follows:



	Amortized cost		Fair value
	(In thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	10,000	$	10,020
Due after one year through five years	10,000		10,012
Due after five years through ten years	9,980		9,980
Due after ten years	4,342		4,342
Mortgage and asset-backed securities	240,635		243,085
Total investment securities	$	274,957	$	277,439

The expected payments on mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities may not coincide with their contractual maturities because the issuers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations.

Revenues - Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Account Services
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 783,196	$ 790,343
Processing and Settlement Services
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Revenues	293,458	251,415
Transferred at a point in time \| Account Services
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Revenues	489,696	500,629
Transferred at a point in time \| Processing and Settlement Services
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Revenues	287,052	247,942
Transferred over time \| Account Services
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Revenues	293,500	289,714
Transferred over time \| Processing and Settlement Services
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 6,406	$ 3,473

Earnings per Common Share - Basic Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Net income	$ 1,693	$ (531)	$ 34,692	$ 64,043	$ 14,272	$ 4,573	$ 29,827	$ 70,031	$ 99,897	$ 118,703	$ 85,887
Weighted-average Class A shares issued and outstanding (in shares)									52,195	52,222	50,482
Basic earnings per common share (in USD per share)	$ 0.03	$ (0.01)	$ 0.66	$ 1.21	$ 0.27	$ 0.09	$ 0.57	$ 1.36	$ 1.91	$ 2.27	$ 1.70
Retained Earnings
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Net income									$ 99,897	$ 118,703	$ 85,887

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References + Details

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense

The components of income tax expense included in our consolidated statements of operations were as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
	(In thousands)
Current:
Federal	$	11,914		$	4,011		$	15,545
State	1,790			894			(1,122		)
Foreign	604			443			368
Current income tax expense	14,308			5,348			14,791
Deferred:
Federal	8,102			1,136			4,596
State	(1,226		)	(1,370		)	(1,816		)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	6,876			(234		)	2,780
Income tax expense	$	21,184		$	5,114		$	17,571

Schedule of Reconciliation of Effective Tax Rate

The sources and tax effects of the differences are as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
U.S. federal statutory tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	35.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	0.1		(0.5	)	(2.3	)
General business credits	(2.1	)	(2.2	)	(2.8	)
Employee stock-based compensation	(2.2	)	(17.1	)	(12.4	)
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act remeasurement	—		0.2		(5.0	)
IRC 162(m) limitation	0.1		2.2		1.5
Other	0.6		0.5		3.0
Effective tax rate	17.5	%	4.1	%	17.0	%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The tax effects of temporary difference that give rise to significant portions of our deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:



	December 31,
	2019			2018
	(In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	8,002		$	7,379
Stock-based compensation	5,820			8,007
Reserve for overdrawn accounts	4,456			3,838
Accrued liabilities	7,965			11,206
Lease liabilities	8,195			—
Tax credit carryforwards	8,723			7,014
Capital loss carryforwards	341			—
Gross deferred tax assets	43,502			37,444
Valuation allowance	(341		)	—
Total deferred tax assets	$	43,161		$	37,444
Deferred tax liabilities:
Internal-use software costs	$	29,382		$	22,351
Property and equipment, net	2,240			2,803
Deferred expenses	4,114			4,909
Intangible assets	7,826			6,246
Gift card revenue	1,422			1,413
Lease right-of-use assets	6,524			—
Other	388			900
Total deferred tax liabilities	51,896			38,622
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(8,735	)	$	(1,178	)

Schedule of Income Tax Contingencies

The reconciliation of the beginning unrecognized tax benefits balance to the ending balance is as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
	(In thousands)
Beginning balance	$	6,965		$	5,560		$	7,314
Increases related to positions taken during prior years	313			462			404
Increases related to positions taken during the current year	1,576			1,607			1,099
Decreases related to positions settled with tax authorities	—			—			(1,865		)
Decreases due to a lapse of applicable statute of limitations	(456		)	(664		)	(1,392		)
Ending balance	$	8,398		$	6,965		$	5,560

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate	$	8,341		$	6,918		$	5,560

Regulatory Requirements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Regulatory Requirements [Abstract]

Regulatory Requirements

Our subsidiary bank, Green Dot Bank, is a member bank of the Federal Reserve System and our primary regulator is the Federal Reserve Board. We and Green Dot Bank are subject to commitments that we have made to the Federal Reserve Board and the Utah Department of Financial Institutions. These commitments require Green Dot Bank to maintain cash and/or cash equivalents in an amount equal to no less than 100% of insured deposits generated by Green Dot Bank related to GPR cards, a subset of its total deposits. In addition, we and Green Dot Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines, we and Green Dot Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

Note 22—Regulatory Requirements (continued)

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we and Green Dot Bank were categorized as "well capitalized" under applicable regulatory standards. There were no conditions or events since December 31, 2019 which management believes would have caused us or Green Dot Bank not to be considered "well capitalized." Our capital ratios and related regulatory requirements were as follows:



	December 31, 2019
	Amount		Ratio		Regulatory Minimum		"Well-capitalized" Minimum
	(In thousands, except ratios)
Green Dot Corporation:
Tier 1 leverage	$	400,445	22.2	%	4.0	%	n/a
Common equity Tier 1 capital	$	400,445	70.5	%	4.5	%	n/a
Tier 1 capital	$	400,445	70.5	%	6.0	%	6.0	%
Total risk-based capital	$	404,469	71.2	%	8.0	%	10.0	%

Green Dot Bank:
Tier 1 leverage	$	204,141	13.9	%	4.0	%	5.0	%
Common equity Tier 1 capital	$	204,141	82.8	%	4.5	%	6.5	%
Tier 1 capital	$	204,141	82.8	%	6.0	%	8.0	%
Total risk-based capital	$	205,548	83.4	%	8.0	%	10.0	%

	December 31, 2018
	Amount		Ratio		Regulatory Minimum		"Well-capitalized" Minimum
	(In thousands, except ratios)
Green Dot Corporation:
Tier 1 leverage	$	353,047	20.1	%	4.0	%	n/a
Common equity Tier 1 capital	$	353,047	88.8	%	4.5	%	n/a
Tier 1 capital	$	353,047	88.8	%	6.0	%	6.0	%
Total risk-based capital	$	357,092	89.8	%	8.0	%	10.0	%

Green Dot Bank:
Tier 1 leverage	$	172,518	11.7	%	4.0	%	5.0	%
Common equity Tier 1 capital	$	172,518	100.8	%	4.5	%	6.5	%
Tier 1 capital	$	172,518	100.8	%	6.0	%	8.0	%
Total risk-based capital	$	173,838	101.5	%	8.0	%	10.0	%

- Definition

The entire disclosure for regulatory capital requirement for depository and lending institutions. Institutions include, but not are not limited to, finance company, insured depository institution, bank holding company, savings and loan association holding company, bank and savings institution not federally insured, mortgage company, foreign financial institution and credit union.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 505
-Section 50
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Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=117337116&loc=SL5958570-112826

Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=117337116&loc=SL5958577-112826

Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
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+ Details

Significant Customer Concentration (Details) - Walmart - Customer Concentration Risk	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Sales Revenue, Net
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk	34.00%	36.00%	40.00%
Accounts Receivable
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk	13.00%	18.00%

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Estimated Useful Lives (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Building
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, estimated useful lives	30 years
Computer equipment \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, estimated useful lives	3 years
Computer equipment \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, estimated useful lives	10 years
Computer software purchased
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, estimated useful lives	3 years
Capitalized internal-use software \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, estimated useful lives	2 years
Capitalized internal-use software \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, estimated useful lives	7 years
Customer Relationships and Trade Names \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, estimated useful lives	3 years
Customer Relationships and Trade Names \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, estimated useful lives	15 years

Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

At December 31, 2019, the future minimum annual payments through various agreements with vendors and retail distributors was as follows:



	Vendor/Retail Distributor Commitments
Year ending December 31,	(In thousands)
2020	$	17,008
2021	11,308
2022	3,425
2023	825
Total of future commitments	$	32,566

Note 20—Commitments and Contingencies (continued)

In the event we terminate our processing services agreement for convenience, we are required to pay a single lump sum equal to any minimum payments remaining on the date of termination. These future minimum obligations are included in our vendor and retail distributor commitments.

In addition to the above contractual obligations, our definitive agreement to acquire all of the equity interests of UniRush provides for a minimum $4 million annual earn-out payment for five years following the closing, ending in February 2022. As of December 31, 2019, the estimated fair value of our remaining earn-out payments amounted to $9.3 million.

Litigation and Claims

In the ordinary course of business, we are a party to various legal proceedings, including, from time to time, actions which are asserted to be maintainable as class action suits. We review these actions on an ongoing basis to determine whether it is probable and estimable that a loss has occurred and use that information when making accrual and disclosure decisions. We have provided reserves where necessary for all claims and, based on current knowledge and in part upon the advice of legal counsel, all matters are believed to be adequately covered by insurance, or, if not covered, we do not expect the outcome in any legal proceedings, individually or collectively, to have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

On December 18, 2019, an alleged class action entitled Koffsmon v. Green Dot Corp., et al., No. 19-cv-10701-DDP-E, was filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, against us and two of our officers. The suit asserts purported claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act for allegedly misleading statements regarding our business strategy. Plaintiff alleges that defendants made statements that were misleading because they allegedly failed to disclose details regarding our customer acquisition strategy and its impact on our financial performance. The suit is purportedly brought on behalf of purchasers of our securities between May 9, 2018 and November 7, 2019, and seeks compensatory damages, fees and costs. On February 18, 2020, a shareholder derivative suit and securities class action entitled Hellman v. Streit, et al, No. 20-cv-01572-SVW-PVC was filed in United States District Court for the Central District of California, against us and certain of our officers and directors. The suit avers purported breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment claims, as well as claims under Sections 10(b), 14(a) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, on the basis of the same wrongdoing alleged in the first lawsuit described above. The suit does not define the purported class allegedly damaged. These cases have been related. The defendants have not yet responded to the complaints in these matters.

Due to the inherent uncertainties of litigation, we cannot accurately predict the ultimate outcome of this matter. We are unable at this time to determine whether the outcome of the litigation would have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

The third and final performance period under an earn-out provision for the acquisition of our tax refund processing business ended on June 30, 2017. We believed that our tax refund processing business did not achieve its earn-out performance target for the fiscal year performance period based on the provisions of the contract and therefore, the total potential payout of $26 million had not been accrued in any period subsequent to June 30, 2017. We were in the process of resolving the final earn-out calculation with the selling shareholders with the assistance of a neutral third party pursuant to the terms of the contract. Prior to the final outcome of that process, we and the sellers mutually agreed to a payment of $13.5 million. This payment was made in October of 2018 and is reflected as a component of other general and administrative expenses on our consolidated income statement for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Other Matters

We monitor the laws of all 50 states to identify state laws or regulations that apply (or may apply) to our products and services. We have obtained money transmitter licenses (or similar such licenses) where applicable, based on advice of counsel or when we have been requested to do so. If we were found to be in violation of any laws and regulations governing banking, money transmitters, electronic fund transfers, or money laundering in the United States or abroad, we could be subject to penalties or could be forced to change our business practices.

From time to time we enter into contracts containing provisions that contingently require us to indemnify various parties against claims from third parties. These contracts primarily relate to: (i) contracts with our card issuing banks, under which we are responsible to them for any unrecovered overdrafts on cardholders’ accounts; (ii) certain real estate leases, under which we may be required to indemnify property owners for environmental and other liabilities, and other claims arising from our use of the premises; (iii) certain agreements with our officers, directors, and employees, under

Note 20—Commitments and Contingencies (continued)

which we may be required to indemnify these persons for liabilities arising out of their relationship with us; and (iv) contracts under which we may be required to indemnify our retail distributors, suppliers, vendors and other parties with whom we have contracts against claims arising from certain of our actions, omissions, violations of law and/or infringement of patents, trademarks, copyrights and/or other intellectual property rights.

Generally, a maximum obligation under these contracts is not explicitly stated. Because the obligated amounts associated with these types of agreements are not explicitly stated, the overall maximum amount of the obligation cannot be reasonably estimated. With the exception of overdrafts on cardholders’ accounts, historically, we have not been required to make payments under these and similar contingent obligations, and no liabilities have been recorded for these obligations in our consolidated balance sheets.

For additional information regarding overdrafts on cardholders’ accounts, refer to Note 5 — Accounts Receivable.

Fair Value Measurements - Contingent Consideration Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Payments of contingent consideration	$ (4,634)	$ (4,856)	$ (3,104)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	1,866	(3,298)	9,672
Contingent Consideration
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Fair value measurement, beginning of period	15,800	17,358	8,634
Issuance	0	0	21,500
Payments of contingent consideration			(3,104)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	(1,866)	3,298	(9,672)
Fair value measurement, end of period	$ 9,300	$ 15,800	$ 17,358

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Class A Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at the beginning of the period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016		50,513
Balance at the beginning of the period at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 683,733	$ 51	$ 358,155	$ 325,708	$ (181)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of withholdings and related tax effects (in shares)		1,949
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of withholdings and related tax effects	6,084	$ 1	6,083
Stock-based compensation	40,734		40,734
Treasury stock acquired (in shares)		(1,326)
Repurchases of Class A common stock	(51,969)	$ (1)	(51,968)
Net income	85,887			85,887
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(549)				(549)
Balance at the end of the period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		51,136
Balance at the end of the period at Dec. 31, 2017	764,550	$ 51	354,789	410,440	(730)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Cumulative effect of accounting change and tax reform	630		1,785	(1,155)
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of withholdings and related tax effects (in shares)		1,781
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of withholdings and related tax effects	(24,127)	$ 2	(24,129)
Stock-based compensation	50,093		50,093
Net income	118,703			118,703
Other comprehensive income (loss)	593				593
Balance at the end of the period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		52,917
Balance at the end of the period at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 909,812	$ 53	380,753	529,143	(137)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of withholdings and related tax effects (in shares)	70	962
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of withholdings and related tax effects	$ (14,113)	$ 1	(14,114)
Stock-based compensation	29,583		29,583
Treasury stock acquired (in shares)		(2,072)
Repurchases of Class A common stock	(100,000)	$ (2)	(99,998)
Net income	99,897			99,897
Other comprehensive income (loss)	2,177				2,177
Balance at the end of the period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019		51,807
Balance at the end of the period at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 927,356	$ 52	$ 296,224	$ 629,040	$ 2,040

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and intangible assets on our consolidated balance sheets consisted of the following:



	December 31,
	2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Goodwill	$	301,790	$	301,790
Intangible assets, net	219,204		249,326
Goodwill and intangible assets	$	520,994	$	551,116

Schedule of Goodwill

Schedule of Intangible Assets

The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization related to intangibles assets were as follows:



	December 31, 2019							December 31, 2018
	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Book Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Book Value		Weighted Average Useful Lives
	(In thousands)							(In thousands)							(Years)
Customer relationships	$	309,773	$	(126,167	)	$	183,606	$	309,773	$	(98,305	)	$	211,468	12.8
Trade names	44,086		(15,689		)	28,397		44,086		(12,517		)	31,569		14.6
Patents	3,000		(1,364		)	1,636		3,000		(1,091		)	1,909		11.0
Software licenses	4,832		(837		)	3,995		—		—			—		3.0
Other	5,964		(4,394		)	1,570		7,464		(3,084		)	4,380		5.0
Total intangible assets	$	367,655	$	(148,451	)	$	219,204	$	364,323	$	(114,997	)	$	249,326

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense

The following table shows our estimated amortization expense for intangible assets for each of the next five succeeding years and thereafter:



	December 31,
	(In thousands)
2020	$	28,954
2021	28,608
2022	27,288
2023	26,418
2024	24,235
Thereafter	83,701
Total	$	219,204

Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jan. 02, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares)		51,807,000	52,917,000
Walmart Program Agreement
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Walmart program agreement, automatic renewal clause period		1 year
Walmart Program Agreement \| Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	20.00%
Capital contributions, authorized amount	$ 35.0
Limited partners' contributed capital period (in years)	5 years
Walmart Program Agreement \| Private Placement \| Common Class A \| Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares)	975,000

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Dec. 31, 2019
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events On October 29, 2019, we entered into the 2020 Amended and Restated Walmart MoneyCard Program Agreement (the “Program Agreement”) with Walmart Inc. and certain of Walmart’s subsidiaries, which provides for us to continue to serve as the issuing bank and program manager for the Walmart MoneyCard suite of reloadable debit card products. The term of the Program Agreement began on January 1, 2020 and expires on January 31, 2027, with an automatic renewal clause for an additional period of one year, subject to certain terms as discussed in the Program Agreement. On January 2, 2020, we effectuated our agreement with Walmart to jointly establish a new fintech accelerator under the name TailFin Labs, LLC (“TailFin Labs”), with a mission to develop innovative products, services and technologies that sit at the intersection of retail shopping and consumer financial services. The entity is majority-owned by Walmart and is expected to focus on developing tech-enabled solutions to integrate omni-channel retail shopping and financial services. We own a 20% equity interest in the newly formed entity, in exchange for capital contributions of $35.0 million per year over the next 5 years. We will account for our investment in TailFin Labs under the equity method of accounting. Any economic benefits derived from products or services developed by TailFin Labs will be negotiated on a case-by-case basis between the parties. As an incentive for Walmart and us to work together to achieve growth across all current and future mutual lines of business that we are engaged, on January 2, 2020, we issued Walmart, in a private placement, 975,000 restricted shares of our Class A Common Stock. The shares will vest in equal monthly increments through December 1, 2022. Walmart will be entitled to vote and receive any dividends paid from the issuance date.

Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Loss contingency accrual, provision		$ 26,000
Settled Litigation
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Settlement, amount awarded to other party	$ 13,500
UniRush, LLC
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent consideration, earn-out payable			$ 4,000
Recurring
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent consideration			9,300	$ 15,800
Recurring \| Level 3
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent consideration			$ 9,300	$ 15,800

Employee Stock-Based Compensation - Restricted and Performance Stock Units Granted (Details) - $ / shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Non-Option equity instruments, actual adjustment for certified performance periods (in shares)	156
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Equity instruments other than options, actual adjustment for certified performance periods, weighted average fair value (in USD per share)	$ 57.38
Performance Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Non-Option equity instruments outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	837
Performance based restricted stock units granted	722
Non-Option equity instruments, exercised (in shares)	(463)
Non-Option equity instruments, forfeitures and expirations (in shares)	(398)
Non-Option equity instruments outstanding, ending balance (in shares)	854
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Equity instruments other than options, nonvested, weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share)	$ 45.41
Equity instruments other than options, grants in period, weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share)	48.45
Equity instruments other than options, vested in period, weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share)	45.44
Equity instruments other than options, forfeitures, weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share)	54.10
Equity instruments other than options, nonvested, weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share)	$ 54.63
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Non-Option equity instruments outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	1,554
Performance based restricted stock units granted	238
Non-Option equity instruments, exercised (in shares)	(654)
Non-Option equity instruments, forfeitures and expirations (in shares)	(250)
Non-Option equity instruments outstanding, ending balance (in shares)	888
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Equity instruments other than options, nonvested, weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share)	$ 44.38
Equity instruments other than options, grants in period, weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share)	38.93	$ 48.72
Equity instruments other than options, vested in period, weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share)	34.60
Equity instruments other than options, forfeitures, weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share)	53.85
Equity instruments other than options, nonvested, weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share)	$ 47.20

Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Outstanding Notes Payable

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, our outstanding debt consisted of the following:



	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(In thousands)
Term facility	$	—	$	58,705
Revolving facility	35,000		—
Total debt outstanding	$	35,000	$	58,705

Debt - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
Debt - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Oct. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Repayments of notes payable				$ 60,000,000	$ 22,500,000	$ 42,500,000
Revolving facility \| Minimum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Commitment fee				0.20%
Revolving facility \| Maximum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Commitment fee				0.35%
Senior Credit Facility \| Revolving facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 100,000,000.0
Facility term	5 years
Remaining borrowing capacity				$ 65,000,000.0
Senior Credit Facility \| Bank of America, Wells Fargo Bank, and Other Lenders
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity			$ 225,000,000.0
Effective interest rate on outstanding borrowings				3.05%
Interest expense				$ 600,000	$ 3,500,000	$ 4,100,000
Senior Credit Facility \| Bank of America, Wells Fargo Bank, and Other Lenders \| Base Rate, Condition One
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Margin included in variable base rate	0.50%
Senior Credit Facility \| Bank of America, Wells Fargo Bank, and Other Lenders \| Base Rate, Condition Two
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Margin included in variable base rate	1.00%
Senior Credit Facility \| Bank of America, Wells Fargo Bank, and Other Lenders \| Revolving facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity			$ 75,000,000.0
Facility term			5 years
Senior Credit Facility \| Bank of America, Wells Fargo Bank, and Other Lenders \| Term facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity			$ 150,000,000.0
Facility term			5 years
Quarterly principal payments				$ 5,600,000
Repayments of notes payable		$ 60,000,000.0
Senior Credit Facility \| Wells Fargo Bank \| Base Rate \| Minimum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable base rate	0.25%
Senior Credit Facility \| Wells Fargo Bank \| Base Rate \| Maximum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable base rate	1.00%
Senior Credit Facility \| Wells Fargo Bank \| LIBOR \| Minimum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable base rate	1.25%
Senior Credit Facility \| Wells Fargo Bank \| LIBOR \| Maximum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable base rate	2.00%

Accounts Receivable - Reserve For Uncollectible Overdrawn Accounts Activity (Details) - Reserve for uncollectible overdrawn accounts - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Uncollectible Overdrawn Accounts [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 13,888	$ 14,471	$ 11,932
Fees	79,810	67,348	69,912
Purchase transactions	6,641	12,442	7,233
Charge-offs	(83,455)	(80,373)	(74,606)
Balance, end of period	$ 16,884	$ 13,888	$ 14,471

Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Loans to bank customers, net of allowance	$ 21,417	$ 21,363
Deposits	1,175,341	1,005,485
Carrying Value
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Loans to bank customers, net of allowance	21,417	21,363
Deposits	1,175,341	1,005,485
Debt	35,000	58,705
Level 3 \| Fair Value
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Loans to bank customers, net of allowance	19,563	21,088
Level 2 \| Fair Value
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	1,175,298	1,005,435
Debt	$ 35,000	$ 58,705

Investment Securities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Investment Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of Available-For-Sale Securities

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the gross unrealized losses and fair values of available-for-sale investment securities that were in unrealized loss positions were as follows:



	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total fair value		Total unrealized loss
	Fair value		Unrealized loss			Fair value		Unrealized loss			Total fair value		Total unrealized loss
	(In thousands)
December 31, 2019
Agency mortgage-backed securities	$	43,337	$	(153	)	$	8,735	$	(88	)	$	52,072	$	(241	)
Municipal bonds	—		—			113		(2		)	113		(2		)
Total investment securities	$	43,337	$	(153	)	$	8,848	$	(90	)	$	52,185	$	(243	)

December 31, 2018
Agency bond securities	$	14,937	$	(36	)	$	—	$	—		$	14,937	$	(36	)
Agency mortgage-backed securities	28,939		(103		)	8,743		(293		)	37,682		(396		)
Municipal bonds	353		(14		)	130		(10		)	483		(24		)
Asset-backed securities	50,980		(70		)	7,333		(24		)	58,313		(94		)
Total investment securities	$	95,209	$	(223	)	$	16,206	$	(327	)	$	111,415	$	(550	)

Our available-for-sale investment securities were as follows:



	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Fair value
	(In thousands)
December 31, 2019
Corporate bonds	$	10,000	$	12	$	—		$	10,012
Agency bond securities	19,980		20		—			20,000
Agency mortgage-backed securities	208,821		2,453		(241		)	211,033
Municipal bonds	4,342		2		(2		)	4,342
Asset-backed securities	31,814		238		—			32,052
Total investment securities	$	274,957	$	2,725	$	(243	)	$	277,439

December 31, 2018
Negotiable certificate of deposit	$	15,000	$	—	$	—		$	15,000
Agency bond securities	19,723		6		(36		)	19,693
Agency mortgage-backed securities	87,156		53		(396		)	86,813
Municipal bonds	507		—		(24		)	483
Asset-backed securities	79,274		14		(94		)	79,194
Total investment securities	$	201,660	$	73	$	(550	)	$	201,183

Investments classified by contractual maturity date

As of December 31, 2019, the contractual maturities of our available-for-sale investment securities were as follows:



	Amortized cost		Fair value
	(In thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	10,000	$	10,020
Due after one year through five years	10,000		10,012
Due after five years through ten years	9,980		9,980
Due after ten years	4,342		4,342
Mortgage and asset-backed securities	240,635		243,085
Total investment securities	$	274,957	$	277,439

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases

At December 31, 2019, the future minimum annual payments through various agreements with vendors and retail distributors was as follows:



	Vendor/Retail Distributor Commitments
Year ending December 31,	(In thousands)
2020	$	17,008
2021	11,308
2022	3,425
2023	825
Total of future commitments	$	32,566

Investment Securities - Continuous Unrealized Loss (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Fair value
Less than 12 months	$ 43,337,000	$ 95,209,000
12 months or more	8,848,000	16,206,000
Total fair value	52,185,000	111,415,000
Unrealized loss
Less than 12 months	(153,000)	(223,000)
12 months or more	(90,000)	(327,000)
Total unrealized loss	(243,000)	(550,000)
OTTI loss	0	0
Agency bond securities
Fair value
Less than 12 months		14,937,000
12 months or more		0
Total fair value		14,937,000
Unrealized loss
Less than 12 months		(36,000)
12 months or more		0
Total unrealized loss		(36,000)
Agency mortgage-backed securities
Fair value
Less than 12 months	43,337,000	28,939,000
12 months or more	8,735,000	8,743,000
Total fair value	52,072,000	37,682,000
Unrealized loss
Less than 12 months	(153,000)	(103,000)
12 months or more	(88,000)	(293,000)
Total unrealized loss	(241,000)	(396,000)
Municipal bonds
Fair value
Less than 12 months	0	353,000
12 months or more	113,000	130,000
Total fair value	113,000	483,000
Unrealized loss
Less than 12 months	0	(14,000)
12 months or more	(2,000)	(10,000)
Total unrealized loss	$ (2,000)	(24,000)
Asset-backed securities
Fair value
Less than 12 months		50,980,000
12 months or more		7,333,000
Total fair value		58,313,000
Unrealized loss
Less than 12 months		(70,000)
12 months or more		(24,000)
Total unrealized loss		$ (94,000)

Revenues

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenues

Adoption of ASC 606

On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to contracts which were not completed upon adoption, the impact of which did not result in any cumulative adjustment to our retained earnings. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historical accounting policies.

The impact of our adoption of ASC 606 was limited to a change in presentation of certain incentive agreements. Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, incentive payments with our retail distributors and other partners had generally been recorded as a reduction to revenues over the related period of benefit the incentive payment related. Upon the adoption of ASC 606, such payments are classified as sales and marketing expenses since these contractual arrangements have been determined to be outside the scope of contracts with our customers under the new accounting standard.

Note 3—Revenues (continued)

The total amount of incentive payments recognized was $6.4 million, $7.1 million and $4.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Disaggregation of Revenues

Our products and services are offered only to customers within the United States. We determine our operating segments based on how our chief operating decision maker manages our operations, makes operating decisions and evaluates operating performance. Within our segments, we believe that the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows and how they are affected by economic factors can be further illustrated based on the timing in which revenue for each of our products and services is recognized.

The following table disaggregates our revenues by the timing in which the revenue is recognized:



	Year Ended December 31, 2019				Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Account Services		Processing and Settlement Services		Account Services		Processing and Settlement Services
Timing of revenue recognition	(In thousands)
Transferred at a point in time	$	489,696	$	287,052	$	500,629	$	247,942
Transferred over time	293,500		6,406		289,714		3,473
Operating revenues ⁽¹⁾	$	783,196	$	293,458	$	790,343	$	251,415



(1)	Excludes net interest income, a component of total operating revenues, as it remains outside the scope of ASC 606, Revenues

Within our Account Services segment, revenues recognized at a point in time are comprised of ATM fees, interchange, and other similar transaction-based fees. Revenues recognized over time consists of new card fees, monthly maintenance fees, revenue earned from gift cards and substantially all BaaS partner program management fees. Substantially all of our processing and settlement services are recognized at a point in time.

Refer to Note 24 — Segment Information for our revenues disaggregated by our products and services and the components to our total operating revenues on our consolidated statements of operations for additional information.

Significant Judgments and Estimates

Transaction prices related to our account cardholder services are based on stand-alone fees stated within the terms and conditions and may also include certain elements of variable consideration depending upon the product’s features, such as cardholder incentives, cash-back rewards, monthly fee concessions and reserves on accounts that may become overdrawn. We estimate such amounts using historical data and customer behavior patterns to determine these estimates which are recorded as a reduction to the corresponding fee revenue. Additionally, while the number of transactions that a cardholder may perform is unknown, any uncertainty is resolved at the end of each daily service contract.

Contract Balances

As disclosed on our consolidated balance sheets, we record deferred revenue for any upfront payments received in advance of our performance obligations being satisfied. These contract liabilities consist principally of unearned new card fees and monthly maintenance fees. We recognized approximately $31.8 million and $28.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, or substantially all of the amount of contract liabilities included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the respective periods and did not recognize any revenue during these periods from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods. Changes in the deferred revenue balance are driven primarily by the amount of new card fees recognized during the period, and the degree to which these reductions to the deferred revenue balance are offset by the deferral of new card fees associated with cards sold during the period.

Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Contract

Our incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract consist primarily of revenue share payments we make to our retail partners associated with new card sales. These commissions are generally capitalized upon payment and expensed over the period the corresponding revenue is recognized. These deferred commissions are not material and are included in deferred expenses on our consolidated balance sheets.

Note 3—Revenues (continued)

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

Any unsatisfied performance obligations at the end of the period relate to contracts with customers that either have an original expected length of one year or less or are contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed. Therefore, no additional disclosure is provided for these performance obligations.

Accounts Receivable (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following:



	December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
	(In thousands)
Overdrawn account balances due from cardholders	$	20,048		$	17,848
Reserve for uncollectible overdrawn accounts	(16,884		)	(13,888		)
Net overdrawn account balances due from cardholders	3,164			3,960

Trade receivables	14,512			6,505
Reserve for uncollectible trade receivables	(202		)	(59		)
Net trade receivables	14,310			6,446

Receivables due from card issuing banks	5,758			6,688
Fee advances	26,268			19,576
Other receivables	10,043			4,272
Accounts receivable, net	$	59,543		$	40,942

Schedule of Allowance for Loan Losses

Activity in the reserve for uncollectible overdrawn accounts consisted of the following:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
	(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	13,888		$	14,471		$	11,932
Provision for uncollectible overdrawn accounts:
Fees	79,810			67,348			69,912
Purchase transactions	6,641			12,442			7,233
Charge-offs	(83,455		)	(80,373		)	(74,606		)
Balance, end of period	$	16,884		$	13,888		$	14,471

Activity in the allowance for loan losses consisted of the following:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
	(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	1,144		$	291		$	277
Provision for loans	2,405			3,094			430
Loans charged off	(2,674		)	(2,657		)	(472		)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	291			416			56
Balance, end of period	$	1,166		$	1,144		$	291

Loans to Bank Customers - Troubled Debt Restructurings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Residential
Loan Modifications [Line Items]
Unpaid Principal Balance	$ 290	$ 403
Carrying Value	221	329
Installment
Loan Modifications [Line Items]
Unpaid Principal Balance	160	190
Carrying Value	$ 48	$ 53

Accounts Receivable - Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, net	$ 59,543	$ 40,942
Overdrawn account balances due from cardholders
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, gross	20,048	17,848
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(16,884)	(13,888)	$ (14,471)	$ (11,932)
Accounts receivable, net	3,164	3,960
Trade receivables
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, gross	14,512	6,505
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(202)	(59)
Accounts receivable, net	14,310	6,446
Receivables due from card issuing banks
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, gross	5,758	6,688
Fee advances
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, gross	26,268	19,576
Other receivables
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, gross	$ 10,043	$ 4,272

Selected Unaudited Quarterly Financial Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Selected Unaudited Quarterly Financial Information

The following tables set forth a summary of our quarterly financial information for each of the four quarters in 2019 and 2018:



	2019
	Q4			Q3			Q2		Q1
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Total operating revenues	$	249,307		$	240,448		$	278,326	$	340,514
Total operating expenses	249,550			242,635			234,363		259,129
Operating (loss) income	(243		)	(2,187		)	43,963		81,385
Interest expense, net	89			112			165		1,471
(Loss) income before income taxes	(332		)	(2,299		)	43,798		79,914
Income tax (benefit) expense	(2,025		)	(1,768		)	9,106		15,871
Net income (loss)	$	1,693		$	(531	)	$	34,692	$	64,043
Earnings (loss) per common share
Basic
Class A common stock	$	0.03		$	(0.01	)	$	0.66	$	1.21
Diluted
Class A common stock	$	0.03		$	(0.01	)	$	0.64	$	1.17



	2018
	Q4			Q3			Q2		Q1
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Total operating revenues	$	245,108		$	236,333		$	263,792	$	320,342
Total operating expenses	229,712			235,662			231,168		238,618
Operating income	15,396			671			32,624		81,724
Interest expense, net	3,067			991			1,280		1,260
Income before income taxes	12,329			(320		)	31,344		80,464
Income tax (benefit) expense	(1,943		)	(4,893		)	1,517		10,433
Net income	$	14,272		$	4,573		$	29,827	$	70,031
Earnings per common share
Basic
Class A common stock	$	0.27		$	0.09		$	0.57	$	1.36
Diluted
Class A common stock	$	0.26		$	0.08		$	0.55	$	1.29

Accounts Receivable

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Receivables [Abstract]

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following:



	December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
	(In thousands)
Overdrawn account balances due from cardholders	$	20,048		$	17,848
Reserve for uncollectible overdrawn accounts	(16,884		)	(13,888		)
Net overdrawn account balances due from cardholders	3,164			3,960

Trade receivables	14,512			6,505
Reserve for uncollectible trade receivables	(202		)	(59		)
Net trade receivables	14,310			6,446

Receivables due from card issuing banks	5,758			6,688
Fee advances	26,268			19,576
Other receivables	10,043			4,272
Accounts receivable, net	$	59,543		$	40,942

Activity in the reserve for uncollectible overdrawn accounts consisted of the following:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
	(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	13,888		$	14,471		$	11,932
Provision for uncollectible overdrawn accounts:
Fees	79,810			67,348			69,912
Purchase transactions	6,641			12,442			7,233
Charge-offs	(83,455		)	(80,373		)	(74,606		)
Balance, end of period	$	16,884		$	13,888		$	14,471

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of ASR Activity

The following table summarizes our ASR activity for the years presented in these consolidated financial statements:



	Purchase Period End Date	Number of Shares (In thousands)	Average repurchase price per share		ASR Amount (In thousands)
May 2019 ASR	August 2019	2,072	$	48.26	$	100,000
March 2017 ASR	November 2017	1,326	$	38.64	$	50,000	(1)



(1)	We elected to cash settle approximately $2.0 million worth of shares owed back to the counterparty under our March 2017 accelerated share repurchase agreement.

Income Taxes - Rollforward of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 6,965	$ 5,560
Increases related to positions taken during prior years	313	462
Increases related to positions taken during the current year	1,576	1,607
Decreases related to positions settled with tax authorities	0	0
Decreases due to a lapse of applicable statute of limitations	(456)	(664)
Ending balance	8,398	6,965	$ 5,560
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate	8,341	6,918
Income tax penalties and interest accrued	$ 500	300	200
Domestic Tax Authority
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance		$ 5,560	7,314
Increases related to positions taken during prior years			404
Increases related to positions taken during the current year			1,099
Decreases related to positions settled with tax authorities			(1,865)
Decreases due to a lapse of applicable statute of limitations			(1,392)
Ending balance			5,560
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate			$ 5,560

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets Summary (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	$ 367,655,000	$ 364,323,000
Accumulated Amortization	(148,451,000)	(114,997,000)
Net Book Value	219,204,000	249,326,000
Amortization of intangible assets	32,616,000	32,761,000	$ 31,110,000
Impairment of intangible assets	0	0
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	309,773,000	309,773,000
Accumulated Amortization	(126,167,000)	(98,305,000)
Net Book Value	$ 183,606,000	211,468,000
Weighted Average Useful Lives	12 years 9 months 18 days
Trade names
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	$ 44,086,000	44,086,000
Accumulated Amortization	(15,689,000)	(12,517,000)
Net Book Value	$ 28,397,000	31,569,000
Weighted Average Useful Lives	14 years 7 months 6 days
Patents
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	$ 3,000,000	3,000,000
Accumulated Amortization	(1,364,000)	(1,091,000)
Net Book Value	$ 1,636,000	1,909,000
Weighted Average Useful Lives	11 years
Software licenses
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	$ 4,832,000	0
Accumulated Amortization	(837,000)	0
Net Book Value	$ 3,995,000	0
Weighted Average Useful Lives	3 years
Other
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	$ 5,964,000	7,464,000
Accumulated Amortization	(4,394,000)	(3,084,000)
Net Book Value	$ 1,570,000	$ 4,380,000
Weighted Average Useful Lives	5 years

Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Percent change in effective income tax rate for Tax Act	0.00%	0.20%	(5.00%)
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate	$ 8,341	$ 6,918
Domestic Tax Authority
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	31,900
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate			$ 5,560
State and Local Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 57,900
Internal Revenue Service (IRS) \| Minimum \| State and Local Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax examination, period	4 years
Internal Revenue Service (IRS) \| Maximum \| State and Local Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax examination, period	5 years
Tax Year 2021-2039 \| State and Local Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 31,700
Indefinitely \| State and Local Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	26,200
Latest Tax Year \| State and Local Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward	14,800
Tax Year 2023-2027 \| State and Local Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward	1,100
Capital Loss Carryforward
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 1,500

Property and Equipment - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 49,500	$ 38,600	$ 33,500
Depreciation and amortization expense	49,489	38,581	33,470
Asset impairment charges	600	900	1,300
Capitalized computer software, net	119,900	93,800
Capitalized internal-use software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 35,100	$ 25,500	$ 20,000

Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value Hierarchy (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	$ 277,439	$ 201,183
Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	10,012
Negotiable certificate of deposit
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities		15,000
Agency bond securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	20,000	19,693
Municipal bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	4,342	483
Asset-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	32,052	79,194
Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	277,439	201,183
Contingent consideration	9,300	15,800
Recurring \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	10,012
Recurring \| Negotiable certificate of deposit
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities		15,000
Recurring \| Agency bond securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	20,000	19,693
Recurring \| Agency mortgage-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	211,033	86,813
Recurring \| Municipal bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	4,342	483
Recurring \| Asset-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	32,052	79,194
Recurring \| Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	0	0
Contingent consideration	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Negotiable certificate of deposit
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities		0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Agency bond securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Agency mortgage-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Municipal bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Asset-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	277,439	201,183
Contingent consideration	0	0
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	10,012
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Negotiable certificate of deposit
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities		15,000
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Agency bond securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	20,000	19,693
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Agency mortgage-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	211,033	86,813
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Municipal bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	4,342	483
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Asset-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	32,052	79,194
Recurring \| Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	0	0
Contingent consideration	9,300	15,800
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Negotiable certificate of deposit
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities		0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Agency bond securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Agency mortgage-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Municipal bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Asset-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities	$ 0	$ 0